Public awareness of advance care planning and hospice palliative care: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects (n = 13,546, N = 45.7)

Factors	Total
Factors	n	N	% (SE)
Gender
Male	6,447	22.8	49.9 (0.5)
Female	7,099	22.8	50.1 (0.5)
Age (years)
15–19	567	2.1	4.6 (0.2)
20–29	1,872	7.2	15.7 (0.4)
30–39	1,865	7.8	17.1 (0.4)
40–49	1,847	7.4	16.3 (0.4)
50–59	3,172	8.3	18.1 (0.3)
≥ 60	4,223	12.9	28.2 (0.4)
Education (years)
≤ 6	701	2.2	4.7 (0.2)
7–12	7,221	22.0	48.1 (0.5)
≥ 13	5,624	21.5	47.1 (0.5)
Household income quintile
1st (lowest)	2,704	8.5	18.5 (0.4)
2nd	2,829	9.2	20.1 (0.4)
3rd	2,634	9.5	20.7 (0.4)
4th	2,761	9.5	20.9 (0.4)
5th (highest)	2,618	9.0	19.8 (0.4)
Chronic health conditions
No	9,989	34.9	76.5 (0.4)
Yes	3,557	10.7	23.5 (0.4)
Self-rated health
Good	10,237	36.3	79.5 (0.4)
Poor	3,309	9.4	20.5 (0.4)
Type of public health insurance
National Health Insurance	13,227	44.6	97.8 (0.1)
Medical Aid	319	1.0	2.2 (0.1)
Purchase of supplemental private health insurance
No	3,594	11.9	26.1 (0.4)
Yes	9,952	33.7	73.9 (0.4)
Recent outpatient visit
No	5,764	21.0	45.9 (0.5)
Yes	7,782	24.7	54.1 (0.5)
Hospitalization in the past year
No	13,329	45.0	98.4 (0.1)
Yes	217	0.7	1.6 (0.1)
Health checkup in the past year
No	7,702	27.0	59.3 (0.5)
Yes	5,844	18.6	40.7 (0.5)
Inadequate access to health care due to cost burden in the past year
No	12,309	42.2	92.4 (0.2)
Yes	1,237	3.5	7.6 (0.2)
Trust in health care system
Distrust	4,319	14.9	32.6 (0.5)
Trust	9,227	30.8	67.4 (0.5)
Awareness of advance care planning
No	8,562	27.7	60.7 (0.5)
Yes	4,984	18.0	39.3 (0.5)
Awareness of hospice-palliative care
No	8,870	29.4	64.3 (0.5)
Yes	4,676	16.3	35.7 (0.5)

Percentages were weighted to yield nationally representative estimates
n, unweighted sample size; N, weighted sample size in millions; SE, standard error

ISSN: 1472-684X