Table 3 Factors associated with awareness of advance care planning and hospice palliative care by multivariable logistic regression analysis (n = 13,546, N = 45.7)

Gender

 Male

1

1

1

1

 Female

0.90 (0.83–0.98)*

0.92 (0.84–1.00)*

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

0.97 (0.89–1.06)

Age (years)

 15–19

1

1

1

1

 20–29

1.12 (0.87–1.43)

1.07 (0.82–1.38)

1.29 (1.01–1.65)*

1.16 (0.89–1.51)

 30–39

1.91 (1.50–2.43)**

1.76 (1.35–2.30)**

1.89 (1.48–2.41)**

1.59 (1.22–2.08)**

 40–49

2.17 (1.71–2.77)**

1.97 (1.51–2.55)**

2.22 (1.74–2.84)**

1.80 (1.39–2.35)**

 50–59

2.34 (1.86–2.96)**

2.31 (1.80–2.95)**

2.16 (1.71–2.74)**

1.97 (1.54–2.52)**

 ≥ 60

1.74 (1.38–2.19)**

1.99 (1.55–2.55)**

1.71 (1.35–2.16)**

1.83 (1.42–2.36)**

Education

 ≤ 6

1

1

1

1

 7–12

1.44 (1.19–1.74)**

1.28 (1.03–1.59)*

1.80 (1.47–2.20)**

1.73 (1.38–2.17)**

 ≥ 13

1.50 (1.23–1.81)**

1.34 (1.05–1.71)*

2.01 (1.64–2.46)**

2.08 (1.61–2.67)**

Household income quintile

 1st (lowest)

1

1

1

1

 2nd

1.20 (1.06–1.36)**

1.11 (0.97–1.28)

1.30 (1.15–1.48)**

1.14 (0.99–1.31)

 3rd

1.34 (1.18–1.52)**

1.22 (1.06–1.41)**

1.42 (1.25–1.60)**

1.19 (1.02–1.37)*

 4th

1.17 (1.03–1.32)*

1.04 (0.90–1.20)

1.17 (1.03–1.33)*

0.95 (0.82–1.11)

 5th (highest)

0.78 (0.68–0.89)**

0.71 (0.61–0.83)**

0.75 (0.66–0.86)**

0.61 (0.52–0.71)**

Self-rated health

 Good

1

1

1

1

 Poor

0.71 (0.64–0.78)**

0.61 (0.54–0.69)**

0.70 (0.63–0.77)**

0.61 (0.55–0.69)**

Purchase of supplemental private health insurance

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

0.93 (0.83–1.03)

1.12 (1.02–1.23)*

0.99 (0.89–1.11)

Recent outpatient visit

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

1.23 (1.14–1.34)**

1.34 (1.22–1.47)**

Hospitalization in the past year

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.54 (1.14–2.09)**

1.78 (1.29–2.46)**

1.36 (1.00–1.85)

1.74 (1.26–2.41)**

Health checkup in the past year

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.27 (1.18–1.38)**

1.21 (1.10–1.32)**

1.22 (1.13–1.32)**

1.13 (1.03–1.24)**

Inadequate access to health care due to cost burden in the past year

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.44 (0.38–0.52)**

0.50 (0.42–0.59)**

0.51 (0.43–0.60)**

0.57 (0.48–0.67)**

Trust in health care system

 Distrust

1

1

1

1

 Trust

1.94 (1.77–2.12)**

1.86 (1.69–2.04)**

1.57 (1.43–1.72)**

1.49 (1.36–1.64)**