| Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|---|
Sample (S) | Papers including patients with severe or very severe COPD aged 18Â years or older in need of PC, including advanced, late-stage, and end-stage COPD and do-not-resuscitate or comfort-measures-only orders. Patients with severe or very severe COPD using NIV treatment are defined as patients with PC needs Papers including relatives of COPD patients in need of PC Papers including HCPs caring for COPD patients with PC needs Studies will be included regardless of reasons for or length of NIV treatment | Papers including patients younger than 18Â years and patients that have mild and moderate COPD Papers including relatives of patients with mild or moderate COPD Papers including HCPs caring for patients with mild to moderate COPD Papers including patients without a COPD diagnosis |
Phenomenon of Interest (PI) | Studies related to NIV treatment, including mask, intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel positive airway pressure, and continuous positive airway pressure, in all healthcare settings and in all phases of the PC trajectory. Studies will be included if the COPD patients have been treated with NIV in PC, regardless of the reasons for or length of NIV treatment Use of NIV to prolong life and/or for alleviation and comfort | Use of NIV with a curative intention Studies exploring other respiratory interventions or treatment exercises and studies focusing on other palliative measures Studies including diseases other than COPD |
Design (D) | Studies with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods designs | Â |
Evaluation (E) | Perspectives and experiences of COPD patients, relatives, and HCPs regarding NIV to patients with COPD with PC needs | Studies exploring the experiences and perspectives of students Studies investigating patients’, relatives’, or HCPs’ experiences of specific interventions or treatments |
Research Type (R) | All research types of peer-reviewed studies published in scientific journals in German, Spanish, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, or English | Case studies, case–control studies, reviews of any type, clinical guidelines, and master’s and PhD theses Grey literature, such as conference proceedings and abstracts, letters, comments, editorials, and non-peer-reviewed papers |