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Table 1 Themes in conditions

From: The lived experience of breathlessness and its implications for care: a qualitative comparison in cancer, COPD, heart failure and MND

THEMES in the experience of breathlessness

CONDITIONS compared

Themes

Sub-themes

Cancer

COPD

HF

MND

Nature

Manifestation (sudden/surreptitious)

4

12

7

10

 

Evaluative (worst symptom)

1

11

4

2

 

Associated feelings (fear)

4

18

2

10

 

Influence on life (inhibiting)

3

17

9

10

Label

No immediate diagnosis

1

18

  
 

Diagnosis carrying meaning

10

1

10

 
 

Diagnosis not carrying meaning

 

17

  
 

Long search for diagnosis

   

10

Time line

Awareness of diagnosis after test for symptoms

10

   
 

Awareness of diagnosis in retrospect

 

18

  
 

Awareness after manifestation of symptoms and confirmed by test

  

10

2

 

Step by step awareness

   

8

Cause

Internal

2

 

7

 
 

External

5

18

  
 

Both

2

2

3

 
 

Not clear

1

  

10

Coping symptom

No advice

9

12

8

 
 

PR

1

5

2

 
 

Essential breathing aids

   

10

Coping illness

Psychological/spiritual mechanisms

7

4

6

10

 

Self-management

 

5

  
 

Caution strategies

 

11

10

 
 

Hope in surgery for cure

4

 

7

 
 

Hope in treatment for extending life

5

   
 

Lack of coping (suffering)

 

11

2

 
 

Reliance on medication

  

10

 

Consequences

Family

3

9

3

10

 

Financial

2

12

2

3

 

Disability

2

18

10

10

 

Search for cure

3

   
 

Fear of dying/death

3

12

6

 
 

Stigma

2

10

3

3

 

Access to care

 

12

6

 
 

Copers

 

5

  
  1. The numbers are representative of how many times something is mentioned throughout the interviews, therefore they may not always add up to the number of interviewees in each group.