Table 4 Recommended doses and dose ranges for levomepromazine in palliative sedation (data refer to subcutaneous application)
Author | Year | Study design | Mean dose (mg/24 h) | Dose range (mg/24 h) | Findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lebon [30] | 2010 | case study | 25 | 25-100 | levomepromazine in combination with midazolam | |
Alonso-Babarro [31] | 2010 | retrospective cohort study | 125 | 100-150 | indications: pain, delirium | |
D'Cruz [32] | 2009 | case report | no data | no data | indication: agitation/delirium | |
Stephenson [33] | 2008 | retrospective chart review | 9.4 | 2.5–75 | 2006 | 1996 levomepromazine was often used first line, 2006 midazolam was used first line and levomepromazine as an adjunct |
75 | 25–150 | 1996 | ||||
Reuzel [34] | 2008 | survey study | no data | no data | most common indications: pain and dyspnoea | |
Sykes [46] | 2003 | retrospective case–control study | 125 | 125-200 | indication: continuing agitation | |
Gambles [36] | 2001 | descriptive retrospective study | no data | 6.25-12.5 | indication: agitation/restlessness | |
Morita E [37] | 2001 | prospective study | 50 | 50 | ||
Fainsinger [38] | 2000 | prospective observational multicenter study | no data | no data | most common indication: delirium | |
Chater [39] | 1998 | survey study | 100 | 50–250 | ||
Stone [40] | 1997 | retrospective chart review | 64 | no data | levomepromazine was usually prescribed in combination with another sedative | |
Oliver ) [41] | 1985 | retrospective chart review | no data | 37.5-300 | indications: confusion/agitation, pain, vomiting (not palliative sedation as main indication) | |
Mercadante [42] | 2011 | SR | no data | 100-150 | based on [39] | |
DeGraeff [43] | 2007 | SR | 64 | 25-250 | ||
Morita T [25] | 2005 | SR | no data | 5-12,5 | guideline is based on a Delphi process conducted by the Sedation Guideline Task Force | |
Cowan [45] | 2001 | SR | 64 | 48-600 | ||