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Table 1 Item subgroups stratified by DRS c cutoff

From: Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in a Canadian palliative home care population: a cross-sectional study

Item

Categories

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a

All patients (%) nbN = 5144

DRS < 3% (n) N = 4339

DRS ≥ 3% (n) N = 448h

p value for χ 2test of Significance

% (n) missingi

Age

18-64

1.8 (1.3, 2.5)

34.0% (1626)

33.0% (1432)

43.3% (194)

<0.0001

0.0% (0)

65-74

1.3 (0.9, 1.9)

25.5% (1219)

25.5% (1107)

25.0% (112)

75-84

1.1 (0.7,1.5)

28.7% (1375)

29.3% (1273)

22.8% (102)

85+

Reference

11.8% (567)

12.2% (527)

8.9% (40)

Gender

Female

1.2 (1.0,1.5)

50.9% (2422)

50.4% (2175)

55.6% (247)

0.0369

0.6% (30)

Male

Reference

49.1% (2335)

49.6% (2138)

44.4% (197)

Marital status

No partner

1.0 (0.8. 1.2)

38.7% (1785)

38.8% (1622)

38.3% (163)

0.8359

3.7% (178)

Married or have partner

Reference

61.3% (2824)

61.2% (2561)

61.7% (263)

Sitec windsor

Site 1

0.6 (0.3,1.1)

3.6% (174)

3.7% (161)

2.9% (13)

0.1079

0.0% (0)

Site 2

0.7 (0.4, 1.0)

64.4% (3083)

64.8% (2812)

60.5% (271)

Site 3

0.7 (0.5, 1.2)

16.8% (802)

16.7% (726)

17.0% (76)

Site 4

0.9 (0.5, 1.5)

8.3% (397)

8.1% (352)

10.0% (45)

Site 5

1.1 (0.6, 2.2)

2.4% (116)

2.3% (100)

3.6% (116)

Site 6

Reference

4.5% (215)

4.3% (188)

6.0% (27)

Co-morbidities (#)d C

5+

1.8 (1.3, 2.4)

9.6% (458)

9.1% (395)

14.1% (63)

0.0003

0.0% (0)

3-4

1.3 (1.0,1.6)

32.7% (1564)

32.4% (1405)

35.5% (159)

0-2

Reference

57.8% (2765)

58.5% (2539)

50.5% (226)

 

Diagnosis prima

Cancer

0.8 (0.5, 1.1)

86.5% (4141)

91.6% (3791)

8.4% (350)

0.3094

0.0% (0)

Cardiovascular

0.7 (0.4, 1.1)

4.6% (220)

92.6% (204)

7.4% (16)

COPD

0.7 (0.3, 1.5)

1.7% (81)

92.6% (75)

7.4% (6)

Other

Reference

7.2% (345)

89.1% (307)

10.9% (38)

Prognosis

Death imminent (days) - < 6 wks

2.7 (2.0,3.8)

8.6% (358)

7.9% (295)

14.9% (74)

<0.0001

12.8% (615)

>6 wks - < 6 mths

1.6 (1.3, 2.1)

47.6% (1987)

47.0% (1760)

53.7% (227)

 

6+ mths

Reference

42.8% (1827)

45.2% (1694)

31.4% (133)

CHESSe

Moderate, Severe (2+)

3.3 (2.2, 4.8)

83.0% (3770)

81.9% (3359)

93.6% (412)

<0.0001

5.1% (247)

None, Minimal (0,1)

Reference

17.0% (770)

18.1% (742)

6.4% (28)

Awareness of prognosis

No

1.4 (1.1, 1.8)

45.8% (924)

44.2% (786)

52.5% (138)

0.0122

13.0%j (305)

Yes

Reference

54.7% (1116)

55.8% (991)

47.5% (125)

Pain scale

Moderate-Severe ((2+)

2.4 (1.9, 3.0)

64.1% (3034)

62.6% (2680)

79.7% (354)

<0.0001

1.2% (59)

None, Minimal (0,1)

Reference

35.8% (1694)

37.4% (1604)

20.3% (90)

CPSf

Moderate-high impairment (2+)

2.1 (1.7, 2.6)

16.6% (796)

15.5% (671)

27.9% (125)

<0.0001

0.0% (0)

None, Low impairment (0,1)

Reference

83.4% (3991)

84.5% (3668)

72.1% (323)

ADL SHSg

Limited, Extensive (2+)

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

37.4% (1752)

36.7% (1560)

44.0% (192)

0.0027

2.2% (103)

Independent (0,1)

Reference

62.6% (2932)

63.3% (2688)

56.0% (244)

Communication disorders

Yes

1.2 (1.1, 1.6)

29.0% (1374)

28.5% (1223)

33.9% (151)

0.0171

1.0% (46)

No

Reference

71.0% (3367)

71.5% (3072)

66.1% (295)

Sleep disorders

Severe

3.5 (2.8, 4.4)

27.0% (1245)

24.9% (1039)

48.1% (206)

<0.0001

3.7% (178)

Moderate

2.1 (1.6, 2.8)

17.5% (808)

17.3% (723)

19.9% (85)

Minimal

Reference

55.5% (2556)

57.9% (2419)

32.0% (137)

Appetite

Poor

1.7 (1.3, 2.1)

22.5% (1038)

21.5% (898)

31.8% (140)

<0.0001

3.5% (166)

Good

Reference

77.5% (3583)

78.5% (3283)

68.2% (300)

Dyspnea

Severe

1.4 (1.1, 1.8)

15.8% (750)

15.4% (662)

19.8% (88)

0.0301

1.1% (51)

Moderate

1.2 (0.9, 1.4)

29.2% (1383)

29.1% (1250)

30.0% (133)

Minimal

Reference

55.0% (2603)

55.5% (2380)

50.2% (223)

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Moderate-severe

1.9 (1.5, 2.3)

45.2%% (2037)

43.7% (1785)

59.0% (252)

<0.0001

5.8% (277)

 

Minimal

Reference

54.8% (2473)

56.3% (2298)

41.0% (175)

Life satisfaction

Low life-satisfaction

2.8 (2.3, 3.5)

41.0% (1846)

38.6% (1574)

64.0% (272)

<0.0001

6.0% (287)

High life-satisfaction

Reference

59.0% (2654)

61.4% (2501)

36.0% (153)

Living alone

Living alone

1.3 (1.0, 1.7Q)

19.3% (892)

19.6% (822)

16.0% (70)

0.0670

3.3% (157)

Living with others

Reference

80.7% (3738)

80.4% (3370)

84.0% (368)

Supportive family

No strong family support

1.6 (1.1, 2.4)

4.7% (222)

4.5% (191)

7.0% (31)

0.0170

1.1% (53)

Strong, supportive family

Reference

95.3% (4512)

95.6% (4098)

93.0% (414)

Caregiver distress

Caregiver exhibits signs of distress

2.7 (2.2, 3.3)

23.3% (1063)

21.3% (878)

42.2% (185)

<0.0001

4.7% (227)

 

Caregiver does not exhibit signs of distress

Reference

76.7% (3497)

78.7% (3244)

57.8% (253)

  
  1. a95% CI straddling 1.0 are not statistically significant.
  2. bSubgroup totals are the total sample (n = 5144) less clients where DRS or item was missing.
  3. cAll 6 sites are located in Ontario, Canada; site names not shown to protect patient confidentiality.
  4. dIncludes primary diagnosis.
  5. eCHESS = Change in Health, End-Stage and Disease Symptoms and Signs.
  6. fCPS = Cognitive Performance Scale.
  7. gADL SHS = Activities of Daily Living Self-performance Hierarchy Scale.
  8. hCorresponds to a prevalence of depressive symptoms of 9.4% [448/(4339 + 448)×100].
  9. iExpressed as the number missing for this item divided by the number of clients with a non-missing DRS score (4787 of the 5144 clients in the total sample), multiplied by 100.
  10. jExpressed as the number of clients missing for this item divided by the number of clients with non-missing DRS scores and a prognosis < 6 months (n = 2345), multiplied by 100.
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BMC Palliative Care

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