Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in a Canadian palliative home care population: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Risk factors associated with depressive symptoms (DRS 3+) comparison of complete case and multiple imputation analyses (Model with CHESS ^b as Mortality Measure)

Independent variable	Complete case analysis (n = 3734) Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence limit)	Multiple imputation (n = 5144) Pooled odds ratios (Pooled 95% confidence limit)
Life satisfaction ^a
Low	3.070 (2.37-3.98)	3.01 (2.37-3.82)
High	Reference	Reference
CHESS ^b
2+	2.88 (1.79-4.62)	2.122 (1.42-3.18)
0-1	Reference	Reference
Sleep disorders ^c
Severe	2.78 (2.14-3.60)	2.56 (2.05-3.19)
Moderate	1.52 (1.10-2.11)	1.56 (1.18-2.06)
Minimal	Reference	Reference
Pain scale
2+	2.18 (1.64-2.89)	1.73 (1.35-2.22)
0-1	Reference	Reference
Signs of caregiver distress
Yes	1.93 (1.51-2.45)	2.01 (1.62-2.51)
No	Reference	Reference
Gender
Female	1.42 (1.13-1.79)	1.37 (1.11-1.68)
Male	Reference	Reference
Cognitive impairment
CPS^d 2+	N/S^e	1.45 (1.13-1.87)
0-1	N/S^e	Reference
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Moderate-severe	N/S^e	1.27 (1.03-1.55)
Minimal	N/S^e	Reference
Goodness of fit
C statistic	0.77	0.77 (0.75-0.77)^f
Hosmer & Lemeshow -χ ²	6.97	5.27(1.5-14.1)^f
-p	0.54	0.73 (0.08-0.99)^f
-df	8	8 (8-8)^f

^a“High” life satisfaction indicates that the patient has all 5 of the following conditions present: a sense of completion, a sense of progress towards completion, acceptance of the situation, inner strengths that can be encouraged/nurtured AND a positive outlook. “Low” life satisfaction” indicates that one or more of the 5 conditions are absent in the patient.
^bCHESS = Changes in Health and End-Stage Disease Signs and Symptoms.
^c“Sleep disorders” is a composite (summative) measure based on two items: too little sleep (5 severity levels ranging from 0 to 4) and too much sleep (5 severity levels ranging from 0 to 4). “Severe” sleep disorders represent scores of 4+, “moderate” are scores of 2 or 3, and “minimal” are scores of 0 or 1.
^dCPS = Cognitive Performance Scale.
^eN/S = Not significant at alpha = 0.05 level.
^fMean (Minimum-Maximum).

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