Table 1 Principal characteristics of the included studies
From: Balloon kyphoplasty in malignant spinal fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author/year/ country | Design | No. of patients/ levels | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Estimated age of VF | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lieberman [25] 2003. USA | P | 63/264 | Painful progressive osteolytic VF secondary to multiple myeloma | Unstable (by virtue of myelomatous destruction of the posterior elements) or with retropulsed tissue or bone fragments. | 11 mo (0.5-24 mo) | 4 mo |
Fourney [26] 2003. USA | R | BKP:15/32 VP: 34/65 | VF with disabling pain refractory to prior medical and/or physical therapy in cancer patients | Epidural compression of the neural elements; failure to localize symptomatic levels; radicular pain; intolerance to being positioned prone or significant medical contraindications | 3.2 mo (1 wk-26 mo) | 4.5 mo |
Lane [27] 2004. USA | P | 19/46 | Painful VF secondary to multiple myeloma | Not reported | >3 mo | 3 mo |
Vrionis [28] 2005. USA | R | 50/128 | VF with intractable mechanical pain refractory to medical and/or physical therapy in cancer patients. | Overt instability; clinical and/or radiological spinal cord compression; lesions above T3; absence of correlating symptoms (not mechanical pain and/or not localized to the area of VF). | 13 cases:3 mo 35 cases: 10 mo | 9 mo |
Kose [30] 2006. Turkey | R | BKP: 18/22 VP: 16/26 | Symptomatic VF in myeloma with pain refractory to medical therapy. | Canal stenosis | Not reported | 12 mo |
Pflugmacher[33] 2007. Germany | P | 26/59 | VF with severe refractory pain in patients with myeloma | Not reported | Not reported | 24 mo |
Pflugmacher[34] 2008. Germany | P | 65/99 | Metastatic VF with severe and refractory back pain. | Not reported | Not reported | 24 mo |