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Table 4 Prevalence of factors contributing to CDS-related burden in healthcare professionals

From: The impact of the inpatient practice of continuous deep sedation until death on healthcare professionals’ emotional well-being: a systematic review

First Author, Year

Assessment

Factor

N

%(n)

Morita T, 2002 [37]

   
 

Questionnaire

Physicians’ concerns when performing CDS

697

 
  

It's difficult to accurately determinate medical indications for CDSa

48 (332)

  

Associations with the risk to shorten lifea

37 (260)

  

There's a high risk of sedation being performed inappropriatelya

25 (175)

  

Insufficient alleviation of patients sufferinga

19 (134)

  

Difficulties to distinguish CDS from acts to hasten deatha

17 (119)

  

Possibility that less effort would be made for necessary palliative care if the use of CDS became widespreada

14 (95)

  

Being criticized by the lawa

12 (81)

  

Being criticized by colleaguesa

5.4 (38)

  

Losing patient trusta

1.6 (11)

Morita T, 2004 [38]

Questionnaire

Factors contributing to nurses’ perceived burden

3187

 
  

Frequent experience of unclear patient wishesb

29 (768)

  

Insufficient timeb

27 (712)

  

Belief that it is difficult to diagnose refractory symptomsb

27 (709)

  

Nurse-perceived inadequate interpersonal skillsb

26 (685)

  

Nurses-perceived inadequate coping with own griefb

11 (281)

  

Lack of common understanding of sedation between physicians and nursesb

8.1 (211)

  

Frequent experience of conflicting wishes between patient and familyb

8.1 (211)

  

Belief that sedation would hasten deathb

7.2 (187)

  

Belief that sedation is indistinguishable from euthanasiab

5.4 (142)

  

Nurses' personal values contradictory to sedationb

4.1 (107)

  

Team conference unavailableb

2.1 (132)

Rietjens JAC, 2007 [39]

Semi-structured interview

Feeling uncomfortable using CDS for nonphysical symptoms

16

 
  

Experience with CDS

Inverse relation

 

Semi-structured interview

Feeling uncomfortable working on the fine line between CDS and euthanasia

16

 
  

Experience with CDS

Inverse relation

  1. Note. Numbers and percentages refer to those who agree or strongly agree to respective statement. CDS = Continuous deep sedation
  2. aRated as the degree of agreement from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
  3. bRated as the degree of agreement from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree)