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Table 1 Patient Demographics

From: Engaging patients and families to create a feasible clinical trial integrating palliative and heart failure care: results of the ENABLE CHF-PC pilot clinical trial

 

All patients (N = 61)

Dartmouth (n = 32)

UAB (n = 29)

p *

d †

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

  

Age, Mean (SD)

70.59 (10.7)

73.41 (10.8)

67.48 (9.8)

0.03

0.55

 Male

31 (50.8)

18 (56.2)

13 (44.8)

0.37

0.23

Race

     

 White

49 (80.3)

31 (96.9)

18 (62.1)

  

 Black

11 (18.0)

0 (0)

11 (37.9)

<.0001

0.95

 Other

1 (1.6)

1 (3.1)

11 (37.9)

  

Religion

     

 Protestant

40 (65.6)

13 (40.6)

27 (93.1)

  

 Catholic

10 (16.4)

8 (25.0)

2 (6.9)

<.0001

1.04

 Other

4 (6.6)

4 (12.5)

0 (0)

  

 None

7 (11.5)

7 (21.9)

0 (0)

  

Marital Status

     

 Never married

6 (9.8)

0 (0)

6 (20.7)

  

 Married or living with partner

38 (62.3)

21 (65.6)

17 (58.6)

0.04

0.55

 Divorced or separated

4 (6.6)

3 (9.4)

1 (3.5)

  

 Widowed

13 (21.3)

8 (25.0)

5 (17.2)

  

Work status

     

 Employed

6 (9.8)

3 (9.4)

3 (10.3)

  

 Retired/Homemaker

34 (55.7)

23 (71.9)

11 (37.9)

0.02

0.60

 Not employed

3 (4.9)

0 (0)

3 (10.3)

  

 Disability

18 (29.5)

6 (18.8)

12 (41.4)

  

Education

     

  < High school graduate

4 (6.6)

1 (3.1)

3 (10.3)

  

 High school graduate or GED

26 (42.6)

12 (37.5)

14 (48.3)

  

 Some college or technical school

15 (24.6)

9 (28.1)

6 (20.7)

0.42

0.21

 College graduate

9 (14.8)

4 (12.5)

5 (17.2)

  

 Graduate degree

5 (8.2)

4 (12.5)

1 (3.5)

  

 No response

2 (3.3)

2 (6.3)

0 (0)

  

Medical insurance

     

 Private/commercial

8 (13.1)

4 (12.5)

4 (13.8)

  

 Medicare/Medicaid

14 (23.0)

7 (21.9)

7 (24.1)

0.95

0.01

 Medicare and Private

39 (63.9)

21 (65.6)

18 (62.0)

  

NYHA class

     

 Class I

1 (1.6)

0 (0)

1 (3.5)

0.01

0.74

 Class II

3 (4.9)

2 (6.3)

1 (3.5)

  

 Class IIIa

25 (41.0)

7 (21.9)

18 (62.0)

  

 Class IIIb

18 (29.5)

14 (43.8)

4 (13.8)

  

 Class IV

12 (19.7)

9 (28.1)

3 (10.3)

  

 Missing/Not recorded

2 (3.3)

0 (0)

2 (6.9)

  

Ejection Fraction, Mean (SD)

37.86 (16.3)

36.81 (16.9)

39.05 (15.8)

0.60

0.14

Implanted Cardiac Devices

     

 None

28 (45.9)

10 (31.3)

18 (62.0)

0.16

0.36

 BiV Pacemaker

7 (11.5)

5 (15.6)

2 (6.9)

  

 ICD

13 (21.3)

9 (28.1)

4 (13.8)

  

 BiV ICD

11 (18.0)

7 (21.9)

4 (13.8)

  

 Missing/Not recorded

2 (3.3)

1 (3.1)

1 (3.5)

  

Heart Medications

     

 ACE-I

20 (32.8)

11 (34.4)

9 (31.0)

0.78

0.07

 Beta-blocker

49 (80.3)

29 (90.6)

20 (69.0)

0.05

0.51

 ARB

18 (29.5)

13 (40.6)

5 (17.2)

0.05

0.50

 Statin

36 (59.0)

17 (53.1)

19 (65.5)

0.44

0.20

 Allopurinol

8 (13.1)

5 (15.6)

3 (10.3)

0.71

0.10

 Aldosterone blocker

27 (44.3)

17 (53.1)

10 (34.5)

0.20

0.33

 None

3 (4.9)

1 (3.1)

2 (6.9)

0.60

0.14

Diuretic Intake (mg)

     

 Furosemide

29.02 (42.9)

32.19 (47.1)

25.52 (38.1)

0.55

0.16

 Bumetanide

0.03 (0.3)

0 (0)

0.07 (0.4)

-

-

 Torsemide

25.57 (44.0)

36.88 (48.9)

24.14 (38.6)

0.81

0.06

 Metolazone

0.38 (1.2)

0 (0)

0.72 (1.7)

-

-

 Hydrochlorothiazide

1.02 (4.7)

0.78 (4.4)

1.28 (5.1)

0.69

0.11

Lab data, median

     

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.3 [9–16.4]

12.45 [9–16.4]

12.3 [10.1–16.2]

0.70

0.10

 Lymphocyte %WBC

16.95 [3–48]

22.4 [3–48]

10 [4–42]

0.02

0.58

 Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.65 [0–11]

7.25 [0–11]

2.05 [0–7.3]

0.01

1.15

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

146 [0–253]

139 [0–253]

151 [0–259]

0.26

0.34

 Sodium (mmol/L)

139 [123–145]

139.5 [123–145]

139 [127–145]

0.78

0.07

Seattle Heart Failure Model

     

1-year survival probability, SD

0.84 (0.1)

0.82 (0.2)

0.87 (0.1)

0.13

0.38

2-year survival probability, SD

0.72 (0.2)

0.69 (0.2)

0.76 (0.1)

0.14

0.39

5-year survival probability, SD

0.49 (0.2)

0.45 (0.2)

0.53 (0.2)

0.18

0.36

Charlson Comorbidity Index

6.66 (92.5)

6.84 (1.8)

6.45 (3.0)

0.55

0.16

Rural Location

44 (72.1)

31 (96.9)

13 (44.8)

-

-

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, GED General Education Development, NYHA New York Heart Association, BiV biventricular, ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, ACE-I angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker
  2. * p-values from t-test, Chi-squared, or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate
  3. †Effect size: Cohen’s d or d-equivalent: small: d ~ 0.2, medium d ~ 0.5, large d ~ 0.8