Engaging patients and families to create a feasible clinical trial integrating palliative and heart failure care: results of the ENABLE CHF-PC pilot clinical trial

Table 2 Caregiver Demographics

	All caregivers (N = 48)	Dartmouth (n = 29)	UAB (n = 19)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p ^*	d ^†
Age, Mean (SD)	64.94 (9.3)	65.18 (10.3)	64.58 (7.7)	0.082	0.06
Gender
Female	39 (81.3)	23 (79.3)	16 (84.2)	0.99	0
Race
White	40 (83.3)	29 (100.0)	11 (57.9)	0.0002	1.19
Black	8 (16.7)	0 (0)	8 (42.1)
Religion
Protestant	25 (52.1)	7 (24.1)	18 (94.7)
Catholic	7 (14.6)	7 (24.1)	0 (0)
Jewish	1 (2.1)	1 (3.5)	0 (0)	<.0001	1.26
Other	6 (12.5)	6 (20.7)	0 (0)
None	9 (18.8)	8 (27.6)	1 (5.3)
Marital Status
Never married	2 (4.2)	0 (0)	2 (10.5)	0.09	0.51
Married or living with partner	39 (81.3)	26 (89.7)	13 (68.4)
Divorced or separated	3 (6.3)	2 (6.9)	1 (5.3)
Widowed	4 (8.3)	1 (3.5)	3 (15.8)
Work status
Employed	17 (35.4)	9 (31.0)	8 (42.1)
Retired/Homemaker	24 (50.0)	15 (51.7)	9 (47.4)
Not employed	3 (6.3)	1 (3.5)	2 (10.5)	0.49	0.20
Disability	3 (6.3)	3 (10.3)	0 (0)
No response	1 (2.1)	1 (3.5)	0 (0)
Education
<High school graduate	3 (6.3)	2 (6.9)	1 (5.3)
High school graduate or GED	12 (25.0)	7 (24.1)	5 (26.3)
Some college or technical school	11 (22.9)	5 (17.2)	6 (31.6)	0.23	0.36
College graduate	9 (18.8)	4 (13.8)	5 (26.3)
Graduate degree	13 (27.1)	11 (37.9)	2 (10.5)
Relationship to patient
Spouse/partner	31 (64.6)	20 (69.0)	11 (57.9)
Parent	8 (16.7)	4 (13.8)	4 (21.1)
Son or daughter	4 (8..3)	2 (6.9)	2 (10.5)	0.63	0.14
Other relative	3 (6.3)	1 (3.5)	2 (10.5)
Friend	2 (4.2)	2 (6.9)	0 (0)

Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, GED General Education Development
^* p-values from t-test or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate
^†Effect size: Cohen’s d or d-equivalent; small: d ~ 0.2, medium d ~ 0.5, large d ~ 0.8

ISSN: 1472-684X