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Table 4 Factors associated with the facilities’ resident deaths: Bivariate analyses (n = 114)

From: Factors associated with deaths in ‘Elderly Housing with Care Services’ in Japan: a cross-sectional study

  

In-facility resident deaths

p-value

death-occurring (n = 62)

death-not occurring (n = 52)

n

%

n

%

Health care input from community

 Receiving care services from visiting nurse agencies

Have received

49

79.0

30

57.7

0.01*

 Visiting nurse agencies provide EOL care to the residents

Yes

38

61.3

11

21.2

<0.01**

 Receiving care services from community hospitals/clinics

Have received

62

100.0

52

100.0

 Community hospitals or clinics provide EOL care to the residents

Yes

53

85.5

18

34.6

<0.01**

Facility Characteristics

 Number of years since establishment

Median (IQR)

3

(3–4)

2.5

(2–4)

<0.01**a

 Presence of day nursing staff

Yes

17

27.4

14

26.9

0.95

 Presence of night nursing staff

Yes

1

1.6

1

1.9

1.00b

 Confirming residents’ EOL preferences with residents/family members

Yes

56

90.3

31

59.6

<0.01**

 Educating staff to support resident deaths

Yes

29

46.8

13

25.0

0.02*

Residents’ Characteristics

 Number of residents

Median (IQR)

37.5

(24–50)

20

(7.5–33)

<0.01**a

 Mean age of the residents (years)

Median (IQR)

83.6

(82.3–84.7)

83.2

(81.0–84.6)

0.30a

 Rate of females (%)

Median (IQR)

67.1

(59.6–74.4)

68.8

(53.8–75.0)

0.61a

 Rate of residents certified as Care Need Levels 3–5 (%)

Median (IQR)

24.6

(15.0–38.8)

15.4

(5.8–33.3)

0.02*a

 Rate of residents who lived in the same municipality as the facility (%)

Median (IQR)

36.8

(19.4–58.8)

49.2

(33.3–70.4)

0.02*a

Regional Characteristics

 Municipal aging rate (%)

Median (IQR)

29.3

(28.5–30.4)

28.7

(28.1–30.1)

0.07a

 Number of hospital beds per 100,000 elderly (aged 60 years or over)

Median (IQR)

3098.2

(2045.1–3950.6)

2674.8

(2426.3–3275.0)

0.75a

 Number of clinics per 100,000 elderly people (aged 60 years or over)

Median (IQR)

228.2

(204.5–268.4)

256.8

(214.8–273.1)

0.03a

 Number of visiting nurse agencies per 100,000 elderly people

Median (IQR)

18.5

(15.8–21.3)

19.8

(17.5–24.0)

0.06a

 Municipal income level (Yen)

Median (IQR)

3392.9

(3166.6–3766.2)

3587.9

(3281.8–3817.8)

0.10a

  1. EOL End-Of-Life, IQR interquartile range
  2. aWilcoxon rank sum test. Other variables: χ2 test or bFisher’s exact test
  3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01