Challenges in a six-phase process of questionnaire adaptation: findings from the French translation of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale

Table 1 Alternative translations for three IPOS items

IPOS Item	French translations in similar questionnaires
Anxiety	Anxiété (QUAL-E^a, ESAS^b)
Anxiety	Angoisse (STAS^c)
Being depressed	Déprime/Sentir déprimé (STAS, ESAS, EORTC^d)
	La dépression (QUAL-E)
	Sentir triste (MQOL-R^e)
Shortness of breath	Essouflement (QUAL-E, MDASI^f)
	Souffle court (EORTC)
	Peine à respirer (ESAS)

^aQuality of Life at the End of Life: QUAL-E [25]
^bEdmonton Symptom Assessment: ESAS [26]
^cSupport Team Assessment Schedule: STAS [27]
^dEORTC Quality of Life of Palliative Cancer Patients: EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL [28] ^eMcGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Revised: MQOL-R [29]
^fM. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory: MDASI [30]

ISSN: 1472-684X