Table 5 Item characteristics PANA_Skills Questionnaire

1

Observe what a person can do without assistance.

3

Assist in updating care plans.

9

Direct families to other members of the care team when they need further advice.

13

Care for a person with challenging behaviours.

14

Raise the concerns of (advocate for) the individuals in my care.

16

Observe for pain using a valid and reliable pain assessment tool.

18

Provide non-medication strategies, such as gentle massage, in order to manage pain.

19

Evaluate the effectiveness of pain management strategies using a validated pain assessment tool.

27

Contribute to problem solving to seek solutions.

29

Recognise the signs when an individual is in the last days or hours of life.

31

Attend to a dying individual’s care.

33

Find ways to cope with my own emotional responses when a person I have been caring for has died.

35

Reflect on what I say and do when providing a palliative approach.