Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression on 1-year survivorship of hospice use (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)
Variables | Did not receive hospice | Received hospice care | |
|---|---|---|---|
Died within 1 year, 28.5%, N = 52,981 | Alive after 1 year, 0.3%, N = 556 | Died within 1 year, 2.4%, N = 4417 | |
Age Group (ref = 19–64) | |||
 65–74 | 1.60 (1.50–1.72)**** | 0.86 (0.64–1.17) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) |
 75–84 | 2.39 (2.25–2.54)**** | 0.63 (0.47–0.84)** | 0.86 (0.74–0.99)* |
 85–94 | 3.46 (3.26–3.67)**** | 0.66 (0.50–0.88)** | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) |
 95+ | 5.45 (5.11–5.82)**** | 1.06 (0.74–1.53) | 1.31 (1.10–1.56)** |
Urban-Rural Status (ref = Rural) | |||
 Urban | 0.78 (0.75–0.80)**** | 2.04 (1.46–2.84)** | 2.17 (1.89–2.50)**** |
Dementia Not Alzheimer’s (ref = No) | |||
 Yes | 1.04 (1.01–1.07)* | 0.71 (0.57–0.87)* | 0.59 (0.54–0.65)**** |
Cancer (ref = No) | |||
 Yes | 1.68 (1.62–1.74)**** | 7.98 (6.68–9.54)**** | 8.96 (8.27–9.71)**** |
Cognition (ref = No-Mild Cognitive Impairment [CPS = 0–1]) | |||
 Moderate Cognitive Impairment (CPS = 2–4) | 1.10 (1.06–1.15)**** | 1.08 (0.81–1.45) | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) |
 Severe Cognitive Impairment (CPS = 5–6) | 1.33 (1.27–1.40)**** | 1.41 (0.97–2.06) | 1.27 (1.06–1.52)** |
Depression (ref = No Depressive Symptoms [DRS = 0]) | |||
 Some Depressive Symptoms (DRS = 1–2) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07)* | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) | 0.81 (0.71–0.92)*** |
 Mild Depressive Disorder (DRS = 3–5) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) |
 Moderate-Severe Depressive Disorder (DRS = 6–14) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 0.74 (0.46–1.18) | 0.72 (0.60–0.87)*** |
Aggressive Behavior (ref = No Signs of Aggression [ABS = 0]) | |||
 Mild to Moderate Aggression (ABS = 1–4) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98)** | 0.66 (0.51–0.85)** | 0.80 (0.71–0.89)**** |
 Severe Aggression (ABS = 5–12) | 0.90 (0.86–0.95)*** | 0.36 (0.21–0.62)*** | 0.49 (0.39–0.60)**** |
Social Engagement (ref = No-Low Social Engagement [ISE = 0–1]) | |||
 Moderate Social Engagement (ISE = 2–4) | 0.74 (0.72–0.76)**** | 0.67 (0.52–0.86)** | 0.52 (0.46–0.58)**** |
 High Social Engagement (ISE = 5–6) | 0.54 (0.52–0.57)**** | 0.63 (0.45–0.90)* | 0.39 (0.33–0.48)**** |
Physical Function (ref = No Functional Impairment [ADL-H = 0]) | |||
 Mild Functional Impairment (ADL-H = 1–2) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.74 (0.38–1.45) | 1.85 (0.72–4.73) |
 Moderate Functional Impairment (ADL-H = 3–4) | 1.21 (1.11–1.33)**** | 0.48 (0.25–0.95)* | 1.84 (0.73–4.65) |
 Severe Functional Impairment (ADL-H = 5–6) | 1.83 (1.67–2.01)**** | 0.86 (0.43–1.72) | 5.38 (2.12–13.64)*** |
Pain (ref = No Pain [Pain Scale = 0]) | |||
 Mild-Moderate Pain (Pain Scale = 1–2) | 1.13 (1.10–1.16)**** | 1.29 (1.02–1.63)* | 2.03 (1.82–2.28)**** |
 Severe Pain (Pain Scale = 3) | 1.39 (1.27–1.53)**** | 1.33 (0.79–2.24) | 2.68 (2.19–3.27)**** |
Pressure Ulcer Risk (ref = No Pressure Ulcer Risk [PURS = 0]) | |||
 Mild Pressure Ulcer Risk (PURS = 1–2) | 1.38 (1.31–1.44)**** | 1.33 (0.84–2.12) | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) |
 Moderate Pressure Ulcer Risk (PURS = 3) | 1.69 (1.60–1.78)**** | 2.07 (1.25–3.44)** | 2.18 (1.45–3.29)*** |
 High Pressure Ulcer Risk (PURS = 4–5) | 2.30 (2.17–2.45)**** | 2.18 (1.27–3.75)** | 3.05 (2.02–4.61)**** |
 Very High Pressure Ulcer Risk (PURS = 6–8) | 2.64 (2.36–2.97)**** | 1.21 (0.50–2.92) | 3.50 (2.24–4.38)**** |
Health Instability (ref = No Indication of Health Instability [CHESS = 0]) | |||
 Mild Health Instability (CHESS = 1–2) | 1.55 (1.50–1.59)**** | 2.83 (2.01–3.98)**** | 10.40 (6.67–16.22)**** |
 Moderate-Severe Health Instability (CHESS = 3–5) | 3.53 (3.34–3.71)**** | 17.00 (15.60–24.88)**** | 205.37 (132.09–319.30)**** |