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Table 2 Study variables by hospital release status (discharged or deceased)

From: Characterizing patients issued DNR orders who are ultimately discharged alive: a retrospective observational study in Japan

 

Discharged

Deceased

Comparison of  Discharged vs Deceased

Timing of DNR order: Early

Patients, number

781

 

525

  

Age, years

85.8

(10.1)

81.5

(11.5)

**

Patients aged ≥85 years

519

(66.5)

236

(45.0)

**

Female patients

501

(64.1)

266

(50.7)

**

Non-cancer patients

661

(84.6)

293

(55.8)

**

Internal medicine patients

736

(94.2)

443

(84.4)

**

Patients who received invasive LST

125

(16.0)

165

(31.4)

**

Patients with restrictions on invasive LST

540

(69.1)

337

(64.2)

ns

Hospital length of stay, days

38.9

(42.3)

29.5

(32.7)

**

Timing of DNR order: Mid-term

Patients, number

416

 

806

  

Age, years

81.7

(10.1)

75.7

(12.0)

**

Patients aged ≥85 years

199

(47.8)

185

(23.0)

**

Female patients

213

(51.2)

328

(40.7)

**

Non-cancer patients

316

(76.0)

355

(44.0)

**

Internal medicine patients

359

(86.3)

593

(73.6)

**

Patients who received invasive LST

150

(36.1)

398

(49.4)

**

Patients with restrictions on invasive LST

280

(67.3)

443

(55.0)

**

Hospital length of stay, days

90.9

(108.9)

62.5

(67.9)

**

Timing of DNR order: Late

Patients, number

31

 

438

  

Age, years

82.9

(13.1)

75.7

(13.4)

**

Patients aged ≥85 years

20

(64.5)

127

(29.0)

**

Female patients

16

(51.6)

182

(41.6)

ns

Non-cancer patients

22

(71.0)

260

(59.4)

ns

Internal medicine patients

26

(83.9)

331

(75.6)

ns

Patients who received invasive LST

2

(6.5)

233

(53.2)

**

Patients with restrictions on invasive LST

13

(41.9)

245

(55.9)

ns

Hospital length of stay, days

9.3

(16.8)

21.7

(35.4)

ns

  1. DNR: do not resuscitate, LST: life-sustaining treatment, IC: informed consent. Age and hospital length of stay: mean (standard deviation). †) Age and hospital length of stay were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, while other variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact probability test. Holm’s method was used to adjust for multiplicity. **: p < 0.01, ns: not significant