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Table 4 Multiple Linear Regression for evaluation of characteristics associated with positive affects measured by PNES (n = 2580)

From: An explorative analysis of the differences in levels of happiness between cancer patients, informal caregivers and the general population

Variables

β (SE)

IC95%

p-Value

Constant

17.9(0.5)

16.9–18.9

< 0.001

Participants

General population

–

–

–

Caregivers of cancer patients

−2.0 (0.5)

− 2.9 – (− 1.1)

< 0.001

Cancer patients

−3.8 (0.4)

−4.5 – (−3.0)

< 0.001

Current professional activity

Yes

–

–

–

No

−1.0 (0.4)

− 1.7 – (− 0.3)

0.007

Voluntary activity

No

–

–

–

Yes

0.3 (0.2)

0.0–0.7

0.092

Voluntary financial donation

No

–

–

–

Yes

0.7 (0.2)

0.3–1.1

< 0.001

Influence of religious or spiritual life on happiness

Little1

–

–

–

Much2

1.5 (0.2)

1.2–1.9

< 0.001

Self-assessment of health

Bad3

–

–

–

Good4

1.2 (0.2)

0.7–1.6

0.001

Diagnosis of depression

No

–

–

–

Yes

−2.1 (0.3)

−2.8 – (−1.5)

< 0.001

Diagnosis of anxiety

No

–

–

–

Yes

−0.9 (0.2)

−1.4 – (−0.4)

< 0.001

Other psychological/psychiatric problem

No

–

–

–

Yes

−1.4 (0.6)

−2.6 – (−0.2)

0.027

Frequency of family gatherings

Little5

–

–

–

Much6

0.7 (0.2)

0.3–1.0

< 0.001

Influence of religious or spiritual life on happiness

Little1

–

–

–

Much2

0.5 (0.2)

0.1–0.9

0.006

Satisfaction with financial issues

Little1

–

–

–

Much2

1.9 (0.2)

1.5–2.2

< 0.001

Self described as

Pessimistic

–

–

–

Neither optimistic nor pessimistic

2.1 (0.4)

1.3–2.9

< 0.001

Optimistic

5.2 (0.4)

4.5–6.0

< 0.001

Leisure time

Little1

–

–

–

Much2

1.7 (0.2)

1.3–2.1

< 0.001

Physical activity

Don’t practice physical activity

–

–

–

Once to twice per week

0.2 (0.2)

−0.3 – 0.6

0.487

3 or more times per week

0.5 (0.2)

0.1–0.9

0.010

  1. Model adjusted for the variables: age, gender, family income and education level (R2 = 0.651)
  2. 1nothing/very little/more or less.2fairly/extremely.3very poor/poor/neither bad nor good.4good/very good.5nothing/very little/more or less.6many times/always