Table 2 Characteristics of LTCa beneficiaries who passed away in different places in Japan
| Â | Â | Place of death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Other places | |||
Total | Home | Hospitals and clinics | LTC facilitiesb and qualified nursing homes | Othersc | |
Number of death, n (%) | 2,035,657 (100) | 282,812 (100) | 1,721,399 (100) | 18,522 (100) | 12,924 (100) |
Number of death by the year, n (%) | |||||
2008 | 316,830 (15.6) | 45,079 (15.9) | 268,426 (15.6) | 1730 (9.3) | 1595 (12.3) |
2009 | 316,871 (15.6) | 43,889 (15.5) | 269,295 (15.6) | 1976 (10.7) | 1711 (13.2) |
2010 | 334,882 (16.5) | 45,777 (16.2) | 284,717 (16.5) | 2509 (13.5) | 1879 (14.5) |
2011 | 350,997 (17.2) | 47,818 (16.9) | 297,725 (17.3) | 3190 (17.2) | 2264 (17.5) |
2012 | 372,326 (18.3) | 52,566 (18.6) | 312,764 (18.2) | 4286 (23.1) | 2710 (21.0) |
2013 | 343,751 (16.9) | 47,683 (16.9) | 288,472 (16.8) | 4831 (26.1) | 2765 (21.4) |
Median (IQRd) age, years | 85 (79, 90) | 86 (80, 92) | 84 (79, 90) | 88 (83, 93) | 86 (81, 92) |
Gender, n (%) | |||||
Male | 997,574 (49.0) | 126,307 (44.7) | 858,742 (49.9) | 7268 (39.2) | 5257 (40.7) |
Female | 1,038,083 (51.0) | 156,505 (55.3) | 862,657 (50.1) | 11,254 (60.8) | 7667 (59.3) |
Degree of care need, n (%) | |||||
Low | 175,819 (8.6) | 24,269 (8.6) | 150,450 (8.7) | 357 (1.9) | 743 (5.7) |
Moderate | 527,942 (25.9) | 69,688 (24.6) | 453,521 (26.3) | 2356 (12.7) | 2377 (18.4) |
High | 1,331,896 (65.4) | 188,855 (66.8) | 1,117,428 (64.9) | 15,809 (85.4) | 9804 (75.9) |
Presence of a spouse, n (%) | |||||
Present | 908,572 (44.6) | 118,531 (41.9) | 781,326 (45.4) | 4916 (26.5) | 3799 (29.4) |
Unmarried | 64,827 (3.2) | 7838 (2.8) | 55,166 (3.2) | 1140 (6.2) | 683 (5.3) |
Bereavement | 979,905 (48.1) | 146,488 (51.8) | 814,331 (47.3) | 11,390 (61.5) | 7696 (59.5) |
Divorce | 82,353 (4.0) | 9955 (3.5) | 70,576 (4.1) | 1076 (5.8) | 746 (5.8) |
Underlying cause of death, n (%) | |||||
Cancer | 570,699 (28.0) | 80,674 (28.5) | 483,663 (28.1) | 3154 (17.0) | 3208 (24.8) |
Cardiovascular | 331,027 (16.3) | 70,576 (25.0) | 253,270 (14.7) | 4260 (23.0) | 2921 (22.6) |
Pneumonia | 264,472 (13.0) | 11,526 (4.1) | 250,787 (14.6) | 1384 (7.5) | 775 (6.0) |
Cerebrovascular | 221,564 (10.9) | 27,378 (9.7) | 190,681 (11.1) | 2105 (11.4) | 1400 (10.8) |
Senility | 96,846 (4.8) | 37,952 (13.4) | 54,396 (3.2) | 2867 (15.5) | 1631 (12.6) |
Others | 551,049 (27.1) | 54,706 (19.3) | 488,602 (28.4) | 4752 (25.7) | 2989 (23.1) |
Use of the LTC services for home-dwelling recipientse, n (%) | |||||
 No use | 1,098,458 (54.0) | 25,202 (8.9) | 1,071,575 (62.3) | 617 (3.3) | 1064 (8.2) |
 In-home services | 807,785 (39.7) | 240,542 (85.1) | 541,951 (31.5) | 14,840 (80.1) | 10,452 (80.9) |
for care | 397,297 (19.5) | 113,952 (40.3) | 264,960 (15.4) | 11,506 (62.1) | 6879 (53.2) |
for nursing | 232,192 (11.4) | 89,635 (31.7) | 135,650 (7.9) | 3739 (20.2) | 3168 (24.5) |
for medical support | 170,541 (8.4) | 80,216 (28.4) | 78,873 (4.6) | 6731 (36.3) | 4721 (36.5) |
for bath | 140,820 (6.9) | 69,864 (24.7) | 68,364 (4.0) | 1025 (5.5) | 1567 (12.1) |
for rehabilitation | 21,958 (1.1) | 5936 (2.1) | 15,454 (0.9) | 316 (1.7) | 252 (1.9) |
for renting welfare equipment | 669,750 (32.9) | 211,148 (74.7) | 438,150 (25.5) | 11,719 (63.3) | 8733 (67.6) |
 Day services | 385,573 (18.9) | 81,188 (28.7) | 294,447 (17.1) | 5714 (30.8) | 4224 (32.7) |
for care | 312,656 (15.4) | 68,173 (24.1) | 235,631 (13.7) | 5079 (27.4) | 3773 (29.2) |
for rehabilitation | 84,424 (4.1) | 14,954 (5.3) | 68,198 (4.0) | 760 (4.1) | 512 (4.0) |
Short-stay services | 148,701 (7.3) | 30,310 (10.7) | 110,636 (6.4) | 5873 (31.7) | 1882 (14.6) |
for care | 127,525 (6.3) | 26,084 (9.2) | 94,630 (5.5) | 5046 (27.2) | 1765 (13.7) |
for care with medical services | 23,394 (1.1) | 4620 (1.6) | 17,677 (1.0) | 953 (5.1) | 144 (1.1) |
Combined use of each type of LTC services for home-dwelling recipientse, n (%) | |||||
In-home services and day services | 280,256 (13.8) | 64,871 (22.9) | 207,022 (12.0) | 5052 (27.3) | 3311 (25.6) |
In-home services and short-stay services | 107,377 (5.3) | 27,023 (9.6) | 75,939 (4.4) | 3164 (17.1) | 1251 (9.7) |
Day services and short-stay services | 83,338 (4.1) | 19,194 (6.8) | 61,680 (3.6) | 1777 (9.6) | 687 (5.3) |
In-home, day service, and short-stay service | 66,111 (3.2) | 16,658 (5.9) | 47,431 (2.8) | 1471 (7.9) | 551 (4.3) |