Factors underlying surrogate medical decision-making in middle eastern and east Asian women: a Q-methodology study

Table 2 Surrogate decision-making items with significant differences in ranking scores among three perspectives

Item	All	Only ME	Only EA
“28.What is in the best interests of patient”	N>S>P		N>S>P
“26.Fear of loss of loved one”	S>N & P	S>P & N	S>N & P
“25.Feeling of guilt because not trying everything possible”	S & N>P	S & N>P
“8.What surrogate would have wanted if in similar situation”	S>N	S>N & P
“10.Surrogate own wishes for patient”	S>N	S>P & N
“14.Surrogate burden due to taking care of patient or disliked outcome”	P>N & S	P>N	P>N>S
“23.Surrogate needs”	P>N>S	P & N>S	P & N>S
“9.Family needs”	P>S>N	P>S & N	P & S>N
“20.Reaching family agreement to maintain family cohesion”	S & P>N	P & S>N
“27.Family burden due to taking care of patient or disliked outcome”	P>N & S	P>S	P>N & S

Items’ ranks were compared among the N, P, and S perspectives (norm perception, patient, and surrogate decision maker perspectives, respectively) in all respondents (All), only Middle Eastern (ME) respondents, and only East Asian (EA) respondents. Items with significant (p < 0.01) rank differences are shown, grouped according to the underlying domain. P values ranged from 0.006 to < 0.001

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