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Table 3 Surrogate decision-making items with significant differences in ranking scores between ME and EA women

From: Factors underlying surrogate medical decision-making in middle eastern and east Asian women: a Q-methodology study

Items

N-perspective

P-perspective

S-perspective

 

ME

EA

ME

EA

ME

EA

“15.What patient would have wanted based on past wishes”

  

x

 

x

 

“13.Religious or spiritual beliefs of patient”

 

x

    

“4.What promotes the life patient has valued”

 

x

   

x

“2.What continues the life patient has led”

x

     

“28.What is in the best interests of patient”

  

x

 

x

 

“12.Patient pain and suffering”

x

 

x

   

“22.Medical facts”

x

 

x

 

x

 

“3.Trying everything possible to save patient”

x

     

“8.What surrogate would have wanted if in similar situation”

    

x

 

“10.Surrogate own wishes for patient”

x

 

x

 

x

 

“14.Surrogate burden due to taking care of patient or disliked outcome”

    

x

 

“23.Surrogate needs”

 

x

 

x

  

“17.Financial concerns”

   

x

 

x

“9.Family needs”

 

x

 

x

 

x

“20.Reaching family agreement to maintain family cohesion”

 

x

   

x

“1.Effect of caring for patient on patients with same disease”

     

x

“5.Effect of caring for patient on all patients in society”

   

x

 

x

  1. Items’ ranks were compared between Middle Eastern (ME) and East Asian (EA) women per perspective. N-, P-, and S- perspectives indicate norm perception, patient, and surrogate decision-maker perspectives, respectively. Items with significant (p < 0.01) rank differences are shown, grouped according to the underlying domain. P values ranged from 0.008 to < 0.001. “x” indicates the group with higher mean rank