Table 5 Surrogate medical decision-making models in East Asian women

Model A: Society’s interest and surrogate-independent

Model B: Religious/spiritual beliefs and surrogate-independent and emotion-dependent

Model C: Medical facts-dependent and patient’s preference independent

Model D: Financial needs and society’s interests-independent

Model E: Patient’s preference-dependent and emotion-independent

Model F: Patient’s religious/spiritual beliefs-dependent

Patient’s perspective (P-perspective) models

Model A: Society’s interests-independent

Model B: Religious/spiritual beliefs-independent

Model C: Financial needs-dependent and emotion-independent

Model D: Emotion-independent and family needs-dependent

Model E: Patient’s preference-independent and patient’s religious/spiritual beliefs-dependent

Model F: Patient’s preference-independent

Surrogate’s perspective (S-perspective) models

Model A: Religious/spiritual beliefs and financial needs-independent

Model B: Society’s interest-independent

Model C: Family burden-independent and religious/spiritual beliefs-dependent.

Model D: Surrogate’s preference-independent

Model E: Financial needs-dependent and patient’s authentic-life narrative-independent

Model F: Society’s interests-independent and religious/spiritual beliefs-dependent