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Table 6 Core Outcomes with Dimensions

From: Coping and wellbeing in bereavement: two core outcomes for evaluating bereavement support in palliative care

Ability to Cope with Grief

Quality of Life and Mental Wellbeing

Negative and overwhelming grief

• Feelings of loneliness and emptiness

• Feelings of blame, guilt, anger, bitterness, regret

• Overwhelming thoughts and/or nightmares about loss

• Preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased

Participation in work and/or other regular activities

• Ability to perform daily tasks

• Ability to participate in work

• Ability to participate in social activities

Communication and connectedness

• Ability to express feelings openly and honestly

• Feeling understood by and connected with other bereaved people

Relationships and social functioning

• Ability to function as part of a family

• Relationships with friends and family

Understanding, accepting and finding meaning in grief

• Acceptance of grief experiences as normal

• Understanding, acceptance, finding meaning in loss

• Positive reminiscence and remembering of the deceased

Positive mental wellbeing

• Sense of meaning and purpose in life

• Optimism and hopefulness

Finding balance between grief and life going forwards

• Ability to find balance and channel grief

• Ability to take control/ look ahead and start to move forward with life

Negative mental & emotional state

• Anxiety (feelings of tension, nervousness, panic and distress)

• Depression (a sense of hopelessness, pessimism, periods of crying)

• Suicidal thoughts

Accessing appropriate support

• Accessing emotional support if needed

• Accessing practical support if needed

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