| |
All patients (n = 485)
|
Alive (n = 326)
|
Dead (n = 159)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Demographics
|
|
Age (years)
|
71·6 ± 16·3
|
68·4 ± 17·4
|
78·1 ± 11·5
|
< 0·001
|
|
Male sex [n(%)]
|
259 (53·4)
|
168 (51·5)
|
91 (57·3)
|
0·24
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
26·3 (22·1–30·8)
|
26·7 (22·2–31·4)
|
25·5 (21·9–29·9)
|
0·13
|
|
BAME [n(%)]
|
73 (15·4)
|
59 (18·6)
|
14 (8·9)
|
0·006
|
|
Clinical Frailty Scale
|
5 (3–6)
|
3 (2–6)
|
6 (3–7)
|
< 0·001
|
|
Co-morbidities
|
|
HFrEF [n(%)]
|
59 (12·2)
|
31 (9·5)
|
28 (17·6)
|
0·010
|
|
IHD [n(%)]
|
69 (14·2)
|
46 (14·1)
|
23 (14·5)
|
0·92
|
|
Hypertension [n(%)]
|
222 (45·8)
|
155 (47·5)
|
67 (42·1)
|
0·26
|
|
AF [n(%)]
|
97 (20·0)
|
52 (16·0)
|
45 (28·3)
|
0·001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus [n(%)]
|
147 (30·3)
|
90 (27·6)
|
57 (35·8)
|
0·064
|
|
Stroke/TIA [n(%)]
|
53 (10·9)
|
32 (9·8)
|
21 (13·2)
|
0·26
|
|
CKD [n(%)]
|
119 (24·5)
|
71 (21·8)
|
48 (30·2)
|
0·043
|
|
COPD [n(%)]
|
69 (14·2)
|
37 (11·3)
|
32 (20·1)
|
0·009
|
|
Malignancy [n(%)]
|
37 (7·6)
|
23 (7·1)
|
14 (8·8)
|
0·50
|
|
Medications
|
|
ACEi [n(%)]
|
84 (17·3)
|
57 (17·5)
|
27 (17·0)
|
0·89
|
|
ARB [n(%)]
|
41 (8·5)
|
31 (9·5)
|
10 (6·3)
|
0·23
|
|
BB [n(%)]
|
113 (23·3)
|
75 (23·0)
|
38 (23·9)
|
0·83
|
|
CCB [n(%)]
|
80 (16·5)
|
57 (17·5)
|
23 (14·5)
|
0·40
|
|
Loop diuretic [n(%)]
|
74 (15·3)
|
47 (14·4)
|
27 (17·0)
|
0·46
|
|
MRA [n(%)]
|
18 (3·7)
|
12 (3·7)
|
6 (3·8)
|
0·96
|
|
Statin [n(%)]
|
200 (41·2)
|
136 (41·7)
|
64 (40·3)
|
0·76
|
|
Antiplatelet [n(%)]
|
115 (23·7)
|
75 (23·0)
|
40 (25·2)
|
0·60
|
|
Anticoagulant [n(%)]
|
67 (13·8)
|
38 (11·7)
|
29 (18·2)
|
0·049
|
|
Metformin [n(%)]
|
61 (12·6)
|
39 (12·0)
|
22 (13·8)
|
0·56
|
|
Sulphonylurea [n(%)]
|
23 (4·7)
|
18 (5·7)
|
5 (3·2)
|
0·23
|
|
Corticosteroid [n(%)]
|
24 (4·9)
|
14 (4·3)
|
10 (6·4)
|
0·34
|
|
Immunosuppression [n(%)]
|
22 (4·5)
|
13 (4·0)
|
9 (5·7)
|
0·41
|
- BMI body mass index, BAME Black Asian and minority ethnic, BMI body mass index, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, IHD ischaemic heart disease, AF atrial fibrillation, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BB beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, CCB calcium channel blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
