| |
Before
|
D6
|
Z scorea
|
P value*
|
|---|
|
ESAS-r pain
|
6(4–8)
|
3(0–4)
|
− 12.637
|
< 0.001
|
|
ESAS-r tiredness
|
2(2–5)
|
2(1–4)
|
−1.936
|
0.026
|
|
ESAS-r drowsiness
|
1(1–6)
|
1(1–4)
|
−1.223
|
0.111
|
|
ESAS-r nausea
|
2(1–7)
|
1(0–2)
|
−8.105
|
< 0.001
|
|
ESAS-r lack of appetite
|
5(2–8)
|
3(1–5)
|
−6.265
|
< 0.001
|
|
ESAS-r shortness of breath
|
2(1–6)
|
0(0–1)
|
−2.822
|
0.005
|
|
ESAS-r depression
|
3(2–6)
|
2(1–4)
|
−4.842
|
< 0.001
|
|
ESAS-r anxiety
|
6(4–9)
|
2(1–4)
|
−5.570
|
< 0.001
|
|
ESAS-r wellbeing
|
6(2–8)
|
4(3–6)
|
−8.970
|
< 0.001
|
|
Opioids/non-opioids analgesics number
|
|
None
|
23(9.6%)
|
0(0%)
| | |
|
One drug
|
137(57.1%)
|
189(78.8%)
| | |
|
Two drugs
|
70(29.2%)
|
46(19.2%)
| |
0.01
|
|
Three drugs
|
8(3.3%)
|
5(2.1%)
| | |
|
Four drugs
|
2(0.8%)
|
0
| | |
|
MEDD in mg/day
|
|
Regular
|
60(31–93)
|
34(22–66)
|
−3.951
|
< 0.001
|
|
PRN only
|
8(0–13)
|
5(2–10)
|
-2.271
|
0.027
|
|
Morphine
|
49(20.4%)
|
119(49.6%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Oxycodone
|
50(20.8%)
|
32(13.3%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Transdermal fentanyl patch
|
70(29.2%)
|
24(10%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Tramadol
|
69(28.8%)
|
71(29.6%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Paracetamol/NSAIDs Adjuvants
|
65(27.3%)
|
40(16.7%)
| |
0.001
|
|
NON
|
147(61.2%)
|
38(15.8%)
| | |
|
One drug
|
67(27.9%)
|
76(31.7%)
| | |
|
Two drugs
|
15(6.2%)
|
62(25.8%)
|
−9.638
|
< 0.001
|
|
Three drugs
|
9(3.8%)
|
45(18.8%)
| | |
|
Four drugs
|
2(0.8%)
|
19(7.9%)
| | |
|
Gabapentinoids
|
57(23.75%)
|
79(32.9%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Gabapentin
|
36 (15%)
|
57(23.75%)
| | |
|
600(300–900)
|
900(300–1200)
|
−2.035
|
0.04
|
|
Pregabalin
|
21(8.75%)
|
22 (9.15%)
| | |
|
300(75–300)
|
300(150–450)
|
−0.577
|
0.564
|
|
Dexamethasone
|
13(5.4%)
|
20(8.3%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
8(8–16)
|
8(4–13)
|
−1.138
|
0.186
|
|
Antidepressant drugs n(%) Median (IQR) mg/day
|
|
Amitriptyline
|
14(5.8%)
|
44(18.3%)
| |
0.002
|
|
25(10–25)
|
50(35–100)
|
−1.931
|
0.042
|
|
Other ADD
|
15(6.2%)
|
34(14.1%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Duloxetine
|
30(30–60)
|
60(30–60)
|
−.587
|
0.564
|
|
Escitalopram
|
5(5–10)
|
10(10–10)
|
−2.333
|
0.016
|
|
Sertraline
|
0.0
|
50(50–50)
|
−15.765
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mirtazapine
|
15(7.5–15)
|
15(15–30)
|
−1.783
|
0.085
|
|
Benzodiazepinesb
|
10(4.2%)
|
27(11.2%)
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Antipsychotic drugsc
|
8(3.3%)
|
11(4.6%)
| |
< 0.001
|
- ESAS-r: Edmonton symptoms assessment scale-revised, ESAS Items represented in median and interquartile range
- MEDD: morphine equivalent daily dose
- n(%):represents patients ‘number and their percent using different opioids and adjuvant medications
- Quantitative variables represented as median (IQR)for ESAS-r scores, drug doses
- aZ score was for Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for comparing 2 groups of quantitative data
- bBenzodiazepines: Midazolam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Bromazepam
- cAntipsychotic drugs: Haloperidol, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Chlorpromazine
- *P value was considered significant if < 0.05
