Table 2 Participants’ background characteristics and differences in the outcome variables (N = 13)

Age (years)

44.69 (9.69)

–

–

–

–

–

–

< 39

6 (46.2)

2.26 (0.42)

.445^*

3.12 (0.69)

.366^*

3.07 (0.75)

.445^*

> 40

7 (53.8)

2.11 (0.31)

3.48 (0.24)

3.35 (0.32)

Marital status

Not married

6 (46.2)

2.27 (0.34)

.534^*

3.44 (0.42)

.628^*

3.25 (0.58)

.836^*

Married

7 (53.8)

2.10 (0.38)

3.22 (0.59)

3.19 (0.57)

Educational level

Undergraduate

9 (69.2)

2.09 (0.39)

.260^*

3.33 (0.57)

.604^*

3.25 (0.59)

.604^*

Graduate

4 (30.8)

2.37 (0.18)

3.29 (0.41)

3.16 (0.53)

Religion

Have

11 (84.6)

2.13 (0.37)

.231^*

3.31 (0.56)

.923^*

3.26 (0.57)

.513^*

None

2 (15.4)

2.44 (0.09)

3.39 (0.18)

3.03 (0.54)

Type of job

Nurse

8 (61.5)

2.34 (0.32)

.099^†

3.38 (0.41)

.922^†

3.26 (0.50)

.872^†

Social worker

2 (15.4)

2.06 (0.35)

2.93 (1.26)

2.85 (1.21)

Other

3 (23.1)

1.81 (0.17)

3.42 (0.15)

3.35 (0.27)

Experience of hospice care education

Have

9 (69.2)

2.28 (0.35)

.148^*

3.25 (0.61)

.604^*

3.18 (0.66)

.825^*

None

4 (30.8)

1.94 (0.28)

3.47 (0.16)

3.31 (0.24)

Length of clinical career (years)

153.38 ± 94.40

–

–

–

Under 5

2 (15.4)

1.66 (0.04)

.080^†

3.61 (0.39)

.521^†

3.56 (0.71)

.580^†

5–10

3 (23.1)

2.19 (0.22)

3.00 (0.85)

2.86 (0.76)

Above 10

8 (61.5)

2.31 (0.33)

3.37 (0.39)

3.27(0.45)

Length of hospice care career (years)

84.92 (54.51)

–

–

–

Under 5

5 (38.5)

2.04 (0.36)

.321^†

3.13 (0.68)

.722^†

2.94 (0.75)

.298^†

5–10

5 (38.5)

2.36 (0.30)

3.44 (0.38)

3.34 (0.39)

Above 10

3 (23.1)

2.10 (0.45)

3.43 (0.48)

3.49 (0.28)

Educational needs for spiritual caring

Have

12 (92.3)

–

–

–

None

1 (7.7)

–

–

–