Table 1 Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Inclusion/exclusion criteria used to identify relevant sources

Inclusion Criteria:

English, 2009 + (chosen because year when National Case Management Network published Canadian Standards for Practice for Case Management http://www.ncmn.ca/)

Included articles that discussed any of the following topics:

• 1) The concept of end of life/palliative/self-management for those with high symptom burden:

• 2) Palliative approach-early access, early identification, how to identify individuals appropriate for a palliative approach, such as tool or clinical criteria, surprise question;

• 3) How to help transitions from chronic condition management into early palliative care or from early palliative care to higher levels of palliative care;

• 4) Using, Identifying, or informing how to identify, critical community supports in the last year of life, e.g., may look at patient family needs and preferences;

• 5) Interdisciplinary collaboration for early palliative care; or

• 6) Case management or coordination of care across the continuum of palliative care delivery and settings.

• Exclusion criteria: articles involving children or young adults