Table 1 Data extraction table

Aeling and Chavez 2019 [34]

Hospice care: Nurse’s experience and perception of older adult patients’ experience.

USA

To understand the perspective of hospice nursing staff on the length of hospice stay as well as their perceptions of older adult experience.

Interpretative Phenomenological design. Semi structured interviews.

10 hospice nurses from 3 hospices.

Understanding what patients want when being cared for. Commitment to learning. Care/caring relevant to nursing practice. Compassion in nursing practice.

Patient related – Limited understanding of hospice and its role. Positive intact on longer length of stay. Enhances patient nurse relationship.

Nurses related – Gets to know patient better /personalized care. Lack of knowledge of non-malignant. Late referrals. Less likely for crisis admission. Patient and staff related.

More emotional support /more conservation round end of life.

Findings highlight - The importance of appreciated referrals. Education for patients on role of palliative care with non-malignant condition’s. Importance of patient -nurse relationship which facilitates personalized care. Developing practices that enhances nurse \patient relationship. Coaching /role modelling

90%

Balasubramanian and Read 2012 [28]

Hospice nurses perceptions of caring for patients’ with a non-malignant diagnosis: a single site case study.

UK

To explore nurses perceptions of caring for patients with non-malignant disease in a hospice setting

Qualitative research.

Focus groups × 2

16 nurses.

Nurses wanting to care for non-malignant patients at end of life but not presently well prepared in some of knowledge/practice. Demonstrates compassion care commitment.

Patient relation – When to refer to hospice non cancer patients are experts in their care. Nurses related—Education re non- malignant patients some similar to cancer patients but some very different.

Education for patients and families re role of hospice.

Education and skill preparation for nurses. Collaborative working practices.

Hospice service development.

93%

Boa et al. 2018 [29]

Patient centred goal setting in a hospice: a comparative case study of how health care practitioners understand and use goal setting in practice.

Scotland

To investigate healthcare practitioners understanding and practice of patient centred goal setting in a hospice.

Mixed method comparative case study.

Semi structured interview.

Case note analysis.

Observations

Doctors = 2. Nurses = 5. Physio = 1. OT = 1. SW = 1.

Developing models of practice to enhance patient care (care compassion commitment).

Goal setting is valued.

Not consistent in practice.

Missed opportunities for goal setting.

More patient focused approach required.

Challenges and other factors influence goal setting.

Goal setting in palliative care/which is part of ccc model.

100%

Ingebretsen et al. 2016 [32]

Hospice nurses emotional challenges in their encounters with the dying.

Denmark

To examine nurses emotional challenges when caring for the dying in a hospice setting.

A qualitative design using hermeneutic phenomenology. In depth interviews.

N = 10 nurses from 2 hospices using purposeful sampling.

Care Commitment and compassion in nursing practice (what it looks like in practice and nursing behaviours).

Nurses emotional touched by patients.

Nurses identifying themselves with the patient and needing to distant themselves.

Nurses balancing between their personal and professional being and caring for a dying patient.

Reminds nurses of their own mortality, with leads to two both enriching.

Understanding the emotional element to nurses role.

Development of education programmes for nurses to further the skills to manage both themselves and their patients in a compassionate and effective.

95%

Lavoie et al. 2013 [31]

The integration of a person centred approach in palliative care.

Canada

To document changes that occurred after the integration of a person centred approach focusing on human freedom, the human becoming school of thought.

Pre project –process and –post project descriptive qualitative design. Pre and post project phases consisted of collecting data from healthcare providers and relatives of patients through semi structured interviews.

51 health care provides

10 relatives

Medical records of 10 patients.

Understanding the emotional work nurses adds to nursing knowledge/Carpers way of knowing, intuitive practice.

Following education sessions, the focus moved from tasks centred to person centre. Priority of respecting patients choices desires and needs.

A presence shifting from being available to true listening.

The affirmation of following the ever changing rhythm of the patient and a notion of respect.

Models for nursing practice /intuitive practice

93%

Powell et al. 2020 [30]

Resilience in inpatient palliative care nursing: A qualitative systematic review.

United Kingdom

To understand resilience from perspective of inpatient palliative care nurses.

Systematic Review—A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Spider Acronym informed the question.

Data bases: Academic search ultimate, Cumulative index to nursing and allied health, Medline, Psycinfo, Scopus.

8 articles reviews.

Care and compassion in nursing practice.

Understanding stress in pc nursing/coping mechanisms. Strategies for emotional well being.

Resilience occurs when nurses are able to include stressful aspects of their personal and professional lives into a coherent narratives.

Understanding the complexities of the nurses’ role. Development of effective coping mechanisms. Importance of debriefing, reflecting in and on practice. The role of clinical supervision/mentorship programmes.

100%

Vargas et al. 2013 [33]

Redefining palliative care at a specialised care centre: A possible reality.

Brazil

To describe how palliative care provided to patients in a SPC unit and how the nursing team works to preserve the unit as a whole.

Simple case study design.

Semi structured interviews.

Direct observations of nursing care.

5 nurses. 5 nursing technicians. Public teaching hospital.

Care and compassion in nursing practice.

A special place for people in a special situation. The goal of care is comfort and quality relationships between the patient/family and team. Environment issues – nice surroundings. Interventions that are not done. Patient centred care.

Spiritual issues. Care modes. Palliative Care Unit.

Importance of time.

Pain control. Education with family/patient around needs. Touch, listening, being there, patient autonomy, communication.

Patient centred care.

75%