Variables | Total (n = 223) | Willing to participate in EOLD | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Willing (n = 104) | Unwilling* (n = 119) | |||
Age, ys | 55.8 ± 14.1 | 58.9 ± 13.3 | 53.1 ± 14.2 | 0.002 |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.514 |
 Male | 138 (61.9) | 62 (59.6) | 76 (71.1) |  |
 Female | 85 (38.1) | 42 (40.4) | 43 (28.9) |  |
Body mass idex | 20.9 ± 3.3 | 20.9 ± 2.5 | 20.9 ± 3.8 | 0.881 |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.638 |
 Married | 212 (95.1) | 98 (94.2) | 114 (97.8) |  |
 Divorced/widowed | 7 (3.1) | 4 (3.9) | 2 (0.0) |  |
 Unmarried | 4 (1.8) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) |  |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.020 |
 Primary school and below | 88 (39.5) | 48 (46.2) | 40 (46.7) |  |
 Middle school | 69 (30.9) | 35 (33.7) | 34 (20.0) |  |
 High school | 40 (17.9) | 15 (14.4) | 25 (20.0) |  |
 Above high school | 26 (11.7) | 6 (5.7) | 20 (13.3) |  |
Living area, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.057 |
 Rural | 86 (38.6) | 47 (45.2) | 39 (33.3) |  |
 Urban | 137 (61.4) | 57 (54.8) | 80 (66.7) |  |
Religiosity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.248 |
 Yes | 113 (50.7) | 57 (54.8) | 56 (35.6) |  |
 No | 110 (49.3) | 47 (45.2) | 63 (64.4) |  |
House-held income, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.203 |
 Low | 128 (57.4) | 59 (56.7) | 69 (58.0) |  |
 Middle | 84 (37.7) | 37 (35.6) | 47 (39.5) |  |
 High | 11 (4.9) | 8 (7.7) | 3 (2.5) |  |
Previous smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.527 |
 Yes | 69 (30.9) | 30 (28.8) | 39 (32.8) |  |
 No | 154 (69.1) | 74 (71.2) | 80 (67.2) |  |
Previous alcoholism, n (%) |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
 Yes | 27 (12.1) | 23 (22.1) | 4 (3.4) |  |
 No | 196 (87.9) | 81 (77.9) | 115 (96.6) |  |
Tumor site, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.408 |
 Digestive | 143 (64.1) | 67 (64.4) | 76 (63.9) |  |
 Respiratory | 51 (22.9) | 27 (26.0) | 24 (20.2) |  |
 Urinary | 10 (4.5) | 4 (3.8) | 6 (5.0) |  |
 Gynecological | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) |  |
 Other | 16 (7.2) | 6 (5.8) | 10 (8.4) |  |
Pathological stage, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.785 |
 Stage I | 3 (1.3) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (0.8) |  |
 Stage II | 15 (6.7) | 8 (7.7) | 7 (5.9) |  |
 Stage III | 84 (37.7) | 37 (35.6) | 47 (39.5) |  |
 Stage IV | 121 (54.3) | 57 (54.8) | 64 (53.8) |  |
Pain score (NRS) | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 0.784 |
NRS2002 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.844 |
ECOG score | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.028 |
Analgesic scheme, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.418 |
 One-step | 9 (4.0) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (5.0) |  |
 Two-step | 48 (21.5) | 26 (25.0) | 22 (18.5) |  |
 Three-step | 166 (74.5) | 75 (72.1) | 91 (76.5) |  |
Daily dose of opioid analogues, mg | 117.9 ± 115.8 | 138.8 ± 169.5 | 99.6 ± 140.9 | 0.008 |
Experience of explosive pain, n (%) |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
 Yes | 126 (56.5) | 85 (81.7) | 41 (34.5) |  |
 No | 97 (43.5) | 19 (18.3) | 78 (65.5) |  |
Cause of pain outbreak, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 |
 Disease deterioration | 98 (43.9) | 43 (41.4) | 55 (46.2) |  |
 Improper use of analgesics | 69 (30.9) | 25 (24.0) | 44 (37.0) |  |
 Other | 56 (25.1) | 36 (34.6) | 20 (16.8) |  |
Experience of clinical rescue, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 57 (25.6) | 45 (43.3) | 12 (10.0) |  |
 No | 166 (74.4) | 59 (56.7) | 107 (90.0) |  |