Fig. 2

Effect on pain intensity assessed by the numerical rating scale. Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS), which interprets the severity of pain on a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). The pain intensity was assessed before the first patch was applied as the baseline (on Day 1) and after the last patch was used (on Day 3). The results showed a significant difference in the median NRS pain intensity over 3 days (p value < 0.0001)