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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients with liver cancer

From: Effect of hospice care on quality indicators of end-of-life care among patients with liver cancer: a national longitudinal population-based study in Taiwan 2000–2011

Variable

Total

Non-H group

Short-H group

Long-H group

p-value

p-value for trend test

N (%)

3092(100 %)

2630(85.1 %)

325(10.5 %)

137(4.4 %)

  

Gender

    

0.019

 

female

876(28.3 %)

737(28.0 %)

86(26.5 %)

53(38.7 %)

 

0.072

male

2216(71.7 %)

1893(72.0 %)

239(73.5 %)

84(61.3 %)

 

0.072

Age

65.6 ± 13.37

65.9 ± 13.42

67.70 ± 12.42

67.50 ± 13.85

0.001

0.001

Survival (years)

1.43 ± 0.03

1.40 ± 0.04

1.52 ± 0.11

1.60 ± 0.17

0.212

0.162

Diabetes

446(14.4 %)

360(13.7 %)

54(16.6 %)

32(23.4 %)

0.004

0.001

Hypertension

2875(93.0 %)

2414(91.8 %)

324(99.7 %)

137(100 %)

<0.001

<0.001

Stroke

209(6.8 %)

169(6.4 %)

27(8.3 %)

13(9.5 %)

0.190

0.070

Liver cirrhosis

2108(68.2 %)

1794(68.2 %)

226(69.5 %)

88(64.2 %)

0.532

0.619

Esophageal varices bleeding

420(13.6 %)

381(14.5 %)

29(8.9 %)

10(7.3 %)

0.002

0.001

Portal hypertension

43(1.4 %)

37(1.4 %)

5(1.5 %)

1(0.7 %)

0.782

0.680

Ascites

908(29.4 %)

765(29.1 %)

102(31.4 %)

41(29.9 %)

0.685

0.518

SBP

23.8(7.7 %)

206(7.8 %)

24(7.4 %)

8(5.8 %)

0.678

0.405

Hepatic encephalopathy

766(24.8 %)

638(24.3 %)

92(28.3 %)

36(26.3 %)

0.257

0.189

Hepatorenal syndrome

99(3.2 %)

91(3.5 %)

4(1.2 %)

4(2.9 %)

0.076

0.138

Hemodialysis

147(4.8 %)

138(5.2 %)

6(1.8 %)

3(2.2 %)

0.001

0.005

CKD

183(5.9 %)

151(5.7 %)

21(6.5 %)

11(8.0 %)

0.431

0.245

Comorbidity of above

      

 No. of comorbidities = 0

141(4.6 %)

140(5.3 %)

1(0.3 %)

0

<0.001

<0.001

 No. of comorbidities = 1

549(17.8 %)

473(18.0 %)

49(15.1 %)

27(19.7 %)

0.349

0.750

 No. of comorbidities = 2

765(24.7 %)

630(24.0 %)

101(31.1 %)

34(24.8 %)

0.022

0.080

 No. of comorbidities = 3

728(23.5 %)

613(23.3 %)

80(24.6 %)

35(25.5 %)

0.722

0.442

 No. of comorbidities > 3

909(29.4 %)

774(29.4 %)

94(28.9 %)

41(29.9 %)

0.969

0.994

Metastasis

974(31.5 %)

781(29.7 %)

130(40.0 %)

63(46.0 %)

<0.001

<0.001

HBV

1079(34.9 %)

914(34.8 %)

123(37.8 %)

42(30.7 %)

0.308

0.877

HCV

832(26.9 %)

690(26.2 %)

100(30.8 %)

42(30.7 %)

0.129

0.061

CCI

3.69 ± 2.45

3.68 ± 2.40

3.68 ± 2.74

3.96 ± 2.80

0.284

0.284

SES

      

 LES

2080(67.3 %)

1764(67.1 %)

222(68.3 %)

94(68.6 %)

0.869

0.585

 MES

800(25.9 %)

682(25.9 %)

83(25.5 %)

35(25.5 %)

0.996

0.746

 HES

212(6.9 %)

184(7.0 %)

20(6.2 %)

8(5.8 %)

0.836

0.466

Urbanization level

      

 Urban

1513(48.9 %)

1292(49.1 %)

149(45.8 %)

72(52.6 %)

0.374

0.994

 Suburban

1092(35.3 %)

937(35.6 %)

111(34.2 %)

44(32.1 %)

0.651

0.340

 Rural

487(15.8 %)

401(15.2 %)

65(20.0 %)

21(15.3 %)

0.090

0.207

Teaching hospitala

1879(62.3 %)

1626(63.5 %)

169(53.5 %)

84(61.3 %)

0.003

0.021

Admission daysb

13.7 ± 10.8

13.0 ± 10.9

16.5 ± 8.98

18.8 ± 11.3

<0.001

<0.001

  1. an = 3015
  2. bAdmission days: mean admission days in the last month
  3. Abbreviations: Non-H group, patients who did not receive hospice care; Long-H group, patients who received hospice care for longer than 1 month; Short-H group, patients who received hospice care for a period shorter than 1 month; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; SES, socioeconomic status; LES, low socioeconomic status; MES, moderate socioeconomic status; HES, high socioeconomic status