Comparing unplanned and potentially planned home deaths: a population-based cross-sectional study

Kjellstadli, Camilla; Husebø, Bettina Sandgathe; Sandvik, Hogne; Flo, Elisabeth; Hunskaar, Steinar

doi:10.1186/s12904-018-0323-3

BMC Palliative Care

Table 1 Distribution of sociodemographic factors and municipal healthcare services by place of death in Norway 2012–2013.*

From: Comparing unplanned and potentially planned home deaths: a population-based cross-sectional study

	Place of death
	Home		Nursing home		Hospital		Other^a		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
All	12,156	100	39,345	100	26,962	100	2445	100	80,908	100
Sex
Female	5175	42.6	23,904	60.8	12,613	46.8	598	24.5	42,290	52.3
Male	6981	57.4	15,441	39.2	14,349	53.2	1847	75.5	38,618	47.7
Age (years)
0–39	549	4.5	70	0.2	796	3.0	426	17.4	1841	2.3
40–49	550	4.5	191	0.5	724	2.7	263	10.8	1728	2.1
50–59	1249	10.3	776	2.0	1877	7.0	389	15.9	4291	5.3
60–69	2381	19.6	2477	6.3	4553	16.9	564	23.1	9975	12.3
70–79	2538	20.9	5917	15.0	6212	23.0	386	15.8	15,053	18.6
80–89	3293	27.1	16,595	42.2	9134	33.9	338	13.8	29,360	36.3
90+	1596	13.1	13,319	33.9	3666	13.6	79	3.2	18,660	23.1
Cause of death
Infectious/parasitic	1077	8.9	3562	9.1	2131	7.9	264	10.8	7034	8.7
Cancer	2648	21.8	10,728	27.3	8431	31.3	106	4.3	21,913	27.1
Dementia	274	2.3	4951	12.6	211	0.8	11	0.5	5447	6.7
Circulatory	4244	34.9	11,341	28.8	8692	32.2	727	29.7	25,004	30.9
Respiratory	952	7.8	4078	10.4	3117	11.6	65	2.7	8212	10.2
Symptoms/signs/ill-defined	603	5.0	343	0.9	39	0.1	340	13.9	1325	1.6
External causes	754	6.2	416	1.1	788	2.9	657	26.9	2615	3.2
Other	1604	13.2	3926	10.0	3553	13.2	275	11.2	9358	11.6
Household
Cohabiting	3231	26.6	21,727	55.2	8692	32.2	240	9.8	33,890	41.9
Living alone	4038	33.2	15,341	39.0	8825	32.7	336	13.7	28,540	35.3
Missing^b	4887	40.2	2277	5.8	9445	35.0	1869	76.4	18,478	22.8
Municipality population
0–2000	425	3.5	1472	3.7	767	2.8	123	5.0	2787	3.4
2001–5000	1460	12.0	4733	12.0	2508	9.3	271	11.1	8972	11.1
5001–10,000	1795	14.8	5579	14.2	3381	12.5	354	14.5	11,109	13.7
10,001–50,000	4840	39.8	14,844	37.7	10,504	39.0	903	36.9	31,091	38.4
50,001-	3603	29.6	12,632	32.1	9683	35.9	746	30.5	26,664	33.0
Missing^b	33	0.3	85	0.2	119	0.4	48	2.0	285	0.4
Municipality centrality^c
Least central	1531	12.6	5129	13.0	2850	10.6	346	14.2	9856	12.2
Less central	858	7.1	2664	6.8	1859	6.9	201	8.2	5582	6.9
Somewhat central	2431	20.0	7651	19.4	4954	18.4	393	16.1	15,429	19.1
Central	7303	60.1	23,816	60.5	17,180	63.7	1457	59.6	49,756	61.5
Missing^b	33	0.3	85	0.2	119	0.4	48	2.0	285	0.4
Nursing home^d
Yes	1448	11.9	39,945	100.0	7945	29.5	139	5.7	48,877	60.4
No	10,708	88.1	0	0.0	19,017	70.5	2306	94.3	32,031	39.6
Domiciliary care^d
Yes	7055	58.0	16,455	41.8	15,456	57.3	479	19.6	39,445	48.8
No	5101	42.0	22,890	58.2	11,506	42.7	1966	80.4	41,463	51.2

*Pearson chi-square test: p < 0.001 for all categories
^aOther place of death includes abroad, under transportation to hospital, other specified
^bNot included in statistical analysis
^cClassification based on geographical distance to centre with higher functions
^dService any time in the period 0–90 days before death

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ISSN: 1472-684X

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