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Table 1 Relevant clinical characteristics (n = 1156)

From: Negative pain management index scores do not necessarily indicate inadequate pain management: a cross-sectional study

Age — mean ± SD

62.9 ± 11.6

Female sex — no. (%)

500 (43.3)

Hospitalized Department no. (%)

 Surgery

227 (19.6)

 Gastroenterology

400 (34.6)

 Respiratory Meds

213 (18.4)

 Hematology

87 (7.5)

 ENT

71 (6.1)

 Urology

58 (5.0)

 Gynecology

86 (7.4)

 Other

14 (1.4)

Analgesicsa — no. (%)

 None

391 (33.8)

 Non opioids

321 (27.8)

 Mild opioids

47 (4.1)

 Strong opioids

397 (34.3)

Performance Status — no. (%)

 0

456 (39.5)

 1

374 (32.4)

 2

159 (13.8)

 3

118 (10.2)

 4

49 (4.2)

Treatment history — no. (%)

 Surgery

463 (40.1)

 Chemotherapy

671 (58.0)

 Radiation therapy

244 (21.1)

NRS — no. (%)

 0 (No pain)

232 (20.1)

 1–4 (Mild pain)

476 (41.2)

 5–6 (Moderate pain)

191 (16.5)

 7–10 (Severe pain)

257 (22.2)

  1. aClassification according to the WHO’s pain relief ladder. Non-opioids included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen. Analgesics not classified in the WHO’s pain relief ladder, such as adjuvant analgesics, were assigned to “none” in this study
  2. NRS numerical rating scale