Table 1 Characteristics of the participants
From: Anticipatory grief of spousal and adult children caregivers of people with dementia
|  | All participants (N = 108) | Spousal caregiver (N = 54) | Adult children caregiver (N = 54) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. | Median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] | Mean ± S.D. | Median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] | Mean ± S.D. | Median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] | ||
Age | 62.9 ± 12.6 | 62.0 [52.0, 72.0] | 71.6 ± 10.6 | 72.0 [66.0, 81.3] | 54.2 ± 7.3 | 53.5 [50.0, 57.25] | <.001 |
Age of PWD | 81.6 ± 7.8 | 82.0 [77.0, 87.0] | 78.3 ± 8.0 | 78.0 [72.0, 84.25) | 84.9 ± 6.0 | 86.0 [82.0, 90.0] | <.001 |
No. of years since the diagnosis of dementia | 5.4 ± 4.6 | 4.5 [2.0, 7.0] | 5.0 ± 3.3 | 4.5 [2.0, 8.0] | 5.7 ± 5.7 | 4.5 [2.8, 7.0] | .865 |
No. of years of being cared for by the participating caregivers | 5.2 ± 4.0 | 4.0 [2.0, 7.0] | 5.0 ± 3.5 | 4.0 [2.0, 7.0] | 5.5 ± 4.5 | 5.0 [2.4, 6.3] | .672 |
MM-CGI-SF total score | 57.7 ± 14.8 | 57.0 [47.0, 69.8] | 64.0 ± 14.7 | 67.0 [54.5, 76.3] | 51.4 ± 12.0 | 50.0 [45.8, 60.0] | <.001 |
ZBI total score | 43.6 ± 18.2 | 45.0 [30.0, 56.0] | 48.5 ± 18.6 | 47.5 [33.0, 66.0] | 38.8 ± 16.5 | 40.0 [27.0, 52.0] | .007 |
PWI total score | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 6.4 [4.9, 7.3] | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 6.3 [4.4, 7.2] | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 6.5 [5.5, 7.4] | .254 |
Frequency (%) | p-value | ||||||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | .814 | |||
 Male | 23 (21.3%) | 12 (22.2%) | 11 (20.4%) |  | |||
 Female | 85 (78.7%) | 42 (77.8%) | 43 (79.6%) |  | |||
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | <.001 | |||
  Never married | 21 (19.4%) | 2 (3.7%) | 19 (35.2%) |  | |||
 Married | 84 (77.8%) | 52 (96.3%) | 32 (59.3%) |  | |||
 Separated | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) |  | |||
 Widowed | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.7%) |  | |||
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | <.001 | |||
 No education | 10 (9.3%) | 10 (18.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | |||
 Primary | 28 (25.9%) | 26 (48.1%) | 2 (3.7%) |  | |||
 Secondary | 43 (39.8%) | 14 (25.9%) | 29 (53.7%) |  | |||
 Tertiary | 27 (25.0%) | 4 (7.4%) | 23 (42.6%) |  | |||
Religion | Â | Â | Â | .101 | |||
 No religion | 52 (48.1%) | 25 (46.3%) | 27 (50.0%) |  | |||
 Worship ancestors | 9 (8.3%) | 7 (13.0%) | 2 (3.7%) |  | |||
 Taoism/Buddhism | 14 (13.0%) | 10 (18.5%) | 4 (7.4%) |  | |||
 Christianity/Catholicism | 33 (30.6%) | 12 (22.2%) | 21 (38.9%) |  | |||
Monthly incomea | Â | Â | Â | <.001 | |||
  < HK$10000 (US$1282) | 65 (60.2%) | 46 (85.2%) | 19 (35.2%) |  | |||
 HK$10000–19,999 (US$1282–2564) | 20 (18.5%) | 4 (7.4%) | 16 (29.6%) |  | |||
 HK$20000–29,999 (US$2564–3846) | 8 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (14.8%) |  | |||
 HK$30000–39,999 (US$3846–5128) | 5 (4.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (7.4%) |  | |||
 HK$40000–49,999 (US$5128–6410) | 4 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.4%) |  | |||
 ≥HK$50000 (US$6410) | 6 (5.6%) | 3 (5.6%) | 3 (5.6%) |  | |||
Gender of care-receipt | Â | Â | Â | <.001 | |||
 Male | 48 (44.4%) | 41 (75.9%) | 7 (13.0%) |  | |||
 Female | 60 (55.6%) | 13 (24.1%) | 47 (87.0%) |  | |||
FAST score | Â | Â | Â | .996 | |||
 4 or 5 (earlier stage of dementia) | 73 (67.6%) | 36 (66.7%) | 37 (68.5%) |  | |||
 6 or 7 (later stage of dementia) | 35 (32.4%) | 18 (33.3%) | 17 (31.5%) |  | |||
Living with the care-recipient | Â | Â | Â | <.001 | |||
 Yes | 85 (78.7%) | 52 (96.3%) | 33 (61.1%) |  | |||
 No | 23 (21.3%) | 2 (3.7%) | 21 (38.9%) |  | |||