Phases | Data collection | Analysis/Products |
---|---|---|
Phase 1 Item Generation | Semi-structured interviews with nursing assistants (n = 25) | Transcribed texts Themes – categories – item pool: 51 knowledge items, 48 skill items and 36 attitudes items. |
Phase 2 Instrument Development | Survey method Four groups of experts (n = 9–12): academics in the field of palliative/aged care; industry representatives with responsibility for training and development; RNs supervising the direct care provided by nursing assistants in RACFs; and, nursing assistants with a Certificate IV in Aged Care and/or at least five years’ experience in their role. | Content Validity Index (CVI) two rounds and one face validation; CVI value for items rated on a four-point ordinal scale: 1 = not clear, not relevant 2 = not quite clear, not quite relevant (requires major revision); 3 = clear, relevant (with minor revision); 4 very clear, very relevant Draft questionnaires within one instrument titled PANA (Palliative Approach for Nursing Assistants) (85 items) Dichotomous/scaled variables |
Phase 3 Pilot Testing | Survey method Two RACFs, purposive sampling (n = 61) Inclusion: Group 1: less than or equal to two years’ experience in role; Group 2: between two and five years’ experience in role; Group 3: more than five years’ experience in role | Descriptive statistics, mean scores, standard deviations, confidence intervals, summary tables Refinements of items and response options |
Phase 4 Instrument Testing | Survey method 17 RACFs, random sample (n = 348) Inclusion: Group 1: less than or equal to two years’ experience in role; Group 2: between two and five years’ experience in role; Group 3: more than five years’ experience in role | Descriptive statistics, Individual item analysis, mean scores, Kendall’s Tau Correlation, analysis of variance, factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, Final instrument: PANA_Knowledge Questionnaire; PANA_Skills Questionnaire; PANA_Attitudes Questionnaire |