Table 1 Basic descriptive statistics and comparison of volunteers and paid staff regarding specific variables
From: Differences in well-being and fear of death among female hospice employees and volunteers in Hungary
Variable | Cronbach-alpha (item number) | Total sample (N = 168–176) | Volunteers (N = 44–49) | Paid staff (N = 123–127) | Z/t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | |||||
Fear of the dying process | 0,77 (6) | 15.4 (5.55) | 13.6 (5.19) | 16.0 (5.55) | Z = 2.392* (p = 0.017) |
Fear of the deada | 0.60 (5) | 10.2 (3.79) | 9.2 (3.50) | 10.5 (3.84) | Z = 2.029* (p = 0.042) |
Fear of being destroyed | 0.60 (4) | 9.8 (4.06) | 8.9 (4.11) | 10.1 (4.00) | Z = 1.856+ (p = 0.063) |
Fear for significant others | 0.71 (6) | 20.7 (4.72) | 19.0 (4.86) | 21.3 (4.54) | t (170) = −2.898** (p = 0.004) |
Fear of the unknowna | 0.67 (4) | 8.0 (3.53) | 7.8 (3.91) | 8.0 (3.41) | Z = 0.555 (0.579) |
Fear of conscious death | 0.68 (5) | 7.7 (3.48) | 7.5 (3.70) | 7.7 (3.40) | Z = 0.337 (p = 0.736) |
Fear of the body after death | 0.72 (5) | 10.2 (3.60) | 9.4 (3.65) | 10.5 (3.55) | Z = 2.225* (p = 0.026) |
Fear of premature death | 0.82 (4) | 8.7 (4.16) | 7.4 (4.19) | 9.2 (4.06) | Z = 2.993** (p = 0.003) |
Shortened Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) | 0.86 (9) | 2.9 (3.76) | 2.5 (3.97) | 3.0 (3.68) | Z = 1.219 (p = 0.223) |
Vital exhaustion scale | 0.71 (5) | 2.2 (1.64) | 1.8 (1.55) | 2.4 (1.65) | Z = 2.220* (p = 0.026) |
Perceived stress scale | 0.88 (10) | 26.6 (6.38) | 26.0 (7.15) | 26.8 (6.09) | t (167) = −0.785 (p = 0.434) |
WHO well-being scale | 0.81 (5) | 8.9 (2.74) | 9.6 (2.47) | 8.6 (2.80) | t (174) = 2.071* (p = 0.040) |