Table 4 Confidence Levels, and Educational Needs (N = 102)
Category | Theme | Confidence | Educational needs | ||||||||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||||||||
Pain and symptom management (1–4) | Pain and symptom assessment | 3.43 ± 0.76 | 2.87 ± 0.69‡ | ||||||||
Pain management (pharmacological, non-pharmacological) | 3.34 ± 0.74 | 2.99 ± 0.63‡ | |||||||||
Symptom management (confusion, delirium, dyspnoea, sleep disorder, nausea/vomiting, ascites) | 3.32 ± 0.71 | 3.02 ± 0.64‡ | |||||||||
Nutrition and excretion management | 3.13 ± 0.90 | 2.89 ± 0.67‡ | |||||||||
Lymphedema management | 2.60 ± 0.98 | 2.98 ± 0.64‡ | |||||||||
History taking | 3.14 ± 0.83 | 2.89 ± 0.65‡ | |||||||||
EOL care | 3.17 ± 0.73 | 3.05 ± 0.63‡ | |||||||||
Total | 3.16 ± 0.59 | 2.96 ± 0.53 | |||||||||
Counselling (1–4) | Crisis management for individuals and families | 2.80 ± 0.82 | 2.99 ± 0.64‡ | ||||||||
Communication and counselling | 2.91 ± 0.85 | 3.00 ± 0.64§ | |||||||||
Spiritual needs assessment | 2.60 ± 0.86 | 2.95 ± 0.65§ | |||||||||
Spiritual care | 2.55 ± 0.87 | 2.95 ± 0.63§ | |||||||||
Understanding and care for the psychological shock of a patient at EOL and patient’s family members | 2.67 ± 0.90 | 3.04 ± 0.62§ | |||||||||
Total | 2.71 ± 0.79 | 2.99 ± 0.59 | |||||||||
Management (1–4) | Stress management for employees | 2.71 ± 0.84 | 3.09 ± 0.60‡ | ||||||||
Management and role of hospice team | 2.26 ± 0.88 | 3.06 ± 0.57‡ | |||||||||
Quality improvement of hospice | 2.26 ± 0.90 | 3.08 ± 0.61‡ | |||||||||
Hospice management (operating system of human resource/facilities/financial management) | 2.04 ± 0.90 | 2.98 ± 0.65‡ | |||||||||
Volunteer management | 1.92 ± 0.92 | 2.92 ± 0.61‡ | |||||||||
Total | 2.24 ± 0.78 | 3.03 ± 0.54 | |||||||||
Program (1–4) | Truth notification and protecting patients’ rights | 2.38 ± 0.91‡ | 2.99 ± 0.60§ | ||||||||
Complementary alternative therapy to improve comfort | 2.37 ± 0.89†| 3.03 ± 0.58§ | |||||||||
Education and support for families | 2.72 ± 0.87 | 2.95 ± 0.63§ | |||||||||
Bereavement management for families: types, methods, and care management for bereaved families | 2.45 ± 0.92†| 2.95 ± 0.61§ | |||||||||
Ethical decision-making and care planning | 2.48 ± 0.87†| 3.01 ± 0.58§ | |||||||||
Total | 2.48 ± 0.79 | 2.99 ± 0.56 | |||||||||
Characteristic | n (%) | Total Confidence | Confidence 1 | Confidence 2 | Confidence 3 | Confidence 4 | |||||
Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | ||
Received hospice, palliative, and EOL care education†| |||||||||||
 Yes | 43 (42.6) | 2.86 ± 0.55 | −2.51 (.014) | 3.36 ± 0.48 | −3.16 (.002) | 2.83 ± 0.76 | −1.40 (.164) | 2.46 ± 0.75 | −2.61 (.010) | 2.57 ± 0.77 | − 1.16 (.250) |
 No | 58 (57.4) | 2.56 ± 0.62 | 3.00 ± 0.62 | 2.61 ± 0.81 | 2.06 ± 0.77 | 2.38 ± 0.80 | |||||
Main disease group cared for | |||||||||||
 CHF (a) | 26 (25.5) | 2.62 ± 0.52 | 5.82 (.001) (a, b, c < d) | 3.06 ± 0.46 | 6.88 (< .001) (a, b < d) | 2.71 ± 0.84 | 1.96 (.126) | 2.10 ± 0.81 | 3.41 (.021) (a, b < d) | 2.44 ± 0.73 | 5.11 (.003) (b, c < d) |
 Stroke(b) | 26 (25.5) | 2.44 ± 0.72 | 2.86 ± 0.70 | 2.45 ± 0.90 | 2.07 ± 0.90 | 2.19 ± 0.87 | |||||
 ESRD(c) | 25 (24.5) | 2.64 ± 0.55 | 3.20 ± 0.55 | 2.69 ± 0.71 | 2.14 ± 0.65 | 2.32 ± 0.71 | |||||
 ESLD(d) | 25 (24.5) | 3.08 ± 0.43 | 3.54 ± 0.43 | 2.98 ± 0.65 | 2.66 ± 0.60 | 2.96 ± 0.67 | |||||
Characteristic | n (%) | Total educational needs | Educational needs 1 | Educational needs 2 | Educational needs 3 | Educational needs 4 | |||||
Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | Mean ± SD | t/F(p) | ||
Received hospice, palliative, and EOL care education§ | |||||||||||
 Yes | 42 (42.4) | 3.08 ± 0.45 | −1.40 (.166) | 3.06 ± 0.48 | 1.43 (.156) | 3.09 ± 0.52 | 1.21 (.229) | 3.13 ± 0.49 | 1.69 (.094) | 3.05 ± 0.53 | 0.76 (.449) |
 No | 57 (57.6) | 2.94 ± 0.48 | 2.91 ± 0.50 | 2.94 ± 0.63 | 2.95 ± 0.58 | 2.97 ± 0.52 | |||||
Main disease group cared for‡ | |||||||||||
 CHF (a) | 26 (26.0) | 2.88 ± 0.58 | 3.40 (.021)(b > d) | 2.89 ± 0.54 | 3.29 (.024) (b > d) | 2.86 ± 0.70 | 2.04 (.114) | 2.88 ± 0.65 | 2.41 (.072) | 2.88 ± 0.63 | 2.84 (.042) (b > d) |
 Stroke(b) | 26 (26.0) | 3.19 ± 0.40 | 3.13 ± 0.41 | 3.22 ± 0.60 | 3.25 ± 0.53 | 3.21 ± 0.44 | |||||
 ESRD(c) | 23 (23.0) | 3.05 ± 0.34 | 3.09 ± 0.38 | 3.00 ± 0.37 | 3.04 ± 0.46 | 3.06 ± 0.43 | |||||
 ESLD(d) | 25 (25.0) | 2.82 ± 0.49 | 2.72 ± 0.66 | 2.88 ± 0.59 | 2.94 ± 0.45 | 2.80 ± 0.61 | |||||