Characteristics and health related quality of life in a population with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients (n = 242)

*Characteristics*	*N (%)*	*Mean ± SD*	*Range*
Gender, females	140 (57.9)
Age, year		72.01 ± 8.40	39–91
Ethnicity, Danish origin	241 (99.6)
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)		25.11 ± 6.20	11–44
*Smoking and alcohol consumption*
Current smoker	48 (19.8)
Current E-cigarette user	7 (2.9)
More than 7 units of alcohol per week for women and 14 units for men	33 (13.6)
*Living arrangements*
Living alone	102 (42.1)
Nursing home resident	3 (1.2)
*Educational and occupational status*
No education	16 (6.6)
Medium academic or trade	129 (53.3)
Academic	21 (8.7)
Retired due to health or age	215 (88.8)
Employed	18 (7.4)
*Social network*
The presence of a well-functioning and solid network, self-rated	225 (93.0)
*Use of social services delivered by the municipality*
Help with personal care	36 (14.9)
Help solving practical tasks	57 (23.6)
Primary nurse care	30 (12.4)
*Pulmonary function and oxygen therapy*
Long term oxygen therapy	46 (19.0)
FEV₁% of predicted value		38.04 ± 12.74	10–77
Saturation O2		94.54 ± 2.28	84–100
*Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) the previous 12 months*^a(n = 229¤)
NIV	27 (11.8)
*Exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, or both the previous 12 months (n = 237¤)*
No exacerbations	81 (34.2)
1 or 2 exacerbations	107 (45.14)
More than 2 exacerbations	49 (20.74)
*Pulmonary rehabilitation*^bthe previous 6 months^a
Participated^cin pulmonary rehabilitation*	58 (24.0)

Results expressed are numbers (n), Percentages (%), means with standard deviations (SD) and ranges.
^aPrevious 6 or 12 months refers to the time from baseline and 6 or 12 months back in time
^bPulmonary rehabilitation includes physical training combined with patient education and has a duration of 10 weeks.^cParticipating is defined as at least 50% attendance. ¤The actual number included in the analysis

ISSN: 1472-684X