Table 4 Surrogate medical decision-making models in Middle Eastern women

Model A: Surrogate’s burden-independent

Model B: Surrogate-independent

Model C: Emotion, patient’s life-long narrative, and family needs-independent

Model D: Patient’s endorsed-life narrative and Golden Rule-independent

Model E: Patient’s preference-dependent

Model F: Society’s interests-independent

Patient’s perspective (P-perspective) models

Model A: Emotion and patient’s life-long narrative-independent

Model B: Cost and society’s interests-independent

Model C: Emotion-dependent and society’s interests-independent

Model D: Religious/spiritual beliefs-independent and family needs-dependent

Model E: Emotion-independent and family needs-dependent

Model F: Patient’s preference-dependent

Surrogate’s perspective (S-perspective) models

Model A: Patient’s preference-dependent

Model B: Emotion and religious/spiritual beliefs-dependent

Model C: Society’s interests and religious/spiritual beliefs-independent

Model D: Patient’s life-long narrative-independent

Model E: Medical facts-dependent and religious/spiritual beliefs-independent

Model F: Society’s interests-independent