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Table 1 Characteristics of residents by subgroups

From: No difference in effects of ‘PACE steps to success’ palliative care program for nursing home residents with and without dementia: a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the seven-country PACE trial

TOTAL SAMPLE FOR THE SUBGROUP ANALYSIS

Baseline scores (T0)

Post-intervention (T1 + T2)

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

N = 238

N = 221

N = 460

N = 351

Advanced dementia

(n = 99)

(n = 78)

(n = 136)

(n = 104)

 Age at time of death, unadjusted mean (SD)

85.5 (7.3)

86.3 (8.6)

86.1 (8.0)

86.5 (8.3)

 Gender, female, unadjusted frequency, n (%)

70 (70.7)

47 (60.3)

88 (64.7)

64 (61.5)

 Eating dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

0 (0)

1 (1.3)

0 (0)

3 (2.9)

  - Needs assistance

17 (17.3)

18 (23.4)

26 (19.1)

21 (20.4)

  - Fully dependent

81 (82.7)

58 (73.3)

110 (80.9)

79 (76.7)

 Dressing dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

  - Needs assistance

6 (6.1)

4 (5.2)

3 (2.2)

7 (6.7)

  - Fully dependent

92 (93.4)

73 (94.8)

133 (97.8)

97 (93.3)

 Mobility dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

1 (1.0)

2 (2.6)

2 (1.5)

2 (1.9)

  - Needs assistance

12 (12.4)

9 (11.7)

11 (8.3)

16 (15.5)

  - Fully dependent

84 (86.6)

66 (85.7)

120 (90.2)

85 (82.5)

Non-advanced dementia

(n = 65)

(n = 61)

(n = 167)

(n = 110)

 Age at time of death, unadjusted mean (SD)

87.1 (7.9)

87.5 (7.5)

85.7 (7.8)

86.9 (6.1)

 Gender, female, unadjusted frequency, n (%)

47 (57.7)

36 (59.0)

113 (67.7)

73 (66.4)

 Eating dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

6 (9.4)

13 (21.7)

33 (20.1)

28 (25.5)

  - Needs assistance

37 (57.8)

30 (50.0)

97 (59.1)

61 (55.5)

  - Fully dependent

21 (32.8)

17 (28.3)

34 (20.7)

21 (19.1)

 Dressing dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

1 (1.6)

3 (5.2)

8 (4.8)

6 (5.6)

  - Needs assistance

17 (27.0)

19 (32.8)

58 (34.9)

41 (38.0)

  - Fully dependent

45 (71.4)

36 (62.1)

100 (60.2)

61 (56.5)

 Mobility dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

13 (20.3)

6 (10.2)

29 (17.5)

14 (13.0)

  - Needs assistance

18 (28.1)

28 (47.5)

57 (34.3)

39 (36.1)

  - Fully dependent

33 (51.6)

25 (42.4)

80 (48.2)

55 (50.9)

Without dementia

(n = 74)

(n = 82)

(n = 157)

(n = 137)

 Age at time of death, unadjusted mean (SD)

82.5 (12.2)

83.2 (9.6)

84.0 (10.9)

84.2 (10.2)

 Gender, female, unadjusted frequency, n (%)

50 (67.6)

44 (53.7)

88 (56.1)

79 (57.7)

 Eating dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

18 (25.0)

25 (31.6)

55 (35.5)

47 (35.6)

  - Needs assistance

34 (47.2)

33 (41.8)

68 (43.9)

51 (38.6)

  - Fully dependent

20 (27.8)

21 (26.6)

32 (20.6)

34 (25.8)

 Dressing dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

3 (4.2)

11 (13.8)

14 (9.0)

21 (6.1)

  - Needs assistance

25 (34.7)

25 (31.3)

63 (40.6)

103 (29.9)

  - Fully dependent

44 (61.1)

44 (55.0)

78 (50.3)

220 (64.0)

 Mobility dependencya, n (%)

  - Independent

4 (5.5)

14 (18.2)

22 (14.2)

25 (18.9)

  - Needs assistance

29 (39.7)

24 (31.2)

55 (35.5)

42 (31.8)

  - Fully dependent

40 (54.8)

39 (50.6)

78 (50.3)

65 (49.2)

  1. Missing cases – Advanced dementia, baseline: age = 3; gender = 4; BANS-S = 3 | post-intervention measurements: age = 6; gender = 3; BANS-S = 3). Non-advanced dementia, baseline: age = 6; gender = 5; BANS-S = 3 | post-intervention measurements: age = 6; gender = 6; BANS-S = 2). Without dementia, baseline: age = 3; gender = 4; BANS-S = 7 | post-intervention measurements: age = 12; gender = 8; BANS-S = 7
  2. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, BANS-S Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity-Scale
  3. a Measured using BANS-S one month before death (range 7–28). Higher scores indicate greater severity. Unadjusted frequencies
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BMC Palliative Care

ISSN: 1472-684X

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