No difference in effects of ‘PACE steps to success’ palliative care program for nursing home residents with and without dementia: a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the seven-country PACE trial

Table 3 Cluster-adjusted mean scores and differences by subgroups

Individual subgroups	Baseline scores (T0)				Post-intervention scores (T1 + T2) ^d				Baseline-adjusted mean difference intervention versus control group post-intervention
	Control		Intervention		Control		Intervention
	Cases No.	Mean^b	Cases No.	Mean^b	Cases No.	Mean^b	Cases No.	Mean^b
Comfort in the last week of life^a
Advanced dementia	n = 99		n = 78		n = 136		n = 104		0.2
Advanced dementia	91	30.6	74	30.8	131	30.3	97	30.7	0.2
Non-advanced dementia	n = 65		n = 61		n = 167		n = 110		0.8
Non-advanced dementia	60	30.0	57	30.0	157	31.0	102	31.8	0.8
Without dementia	n = 74		n = 82		n = 157		n = 137		−1.9
Without dementia	70	29.7	75	30.6	146	31.3	128	30.2	−1.9
Quality of care and dying in the last month of life^b
Advanced dementia	n = 99		n = 78		n = 136		n = 104		3.6
Advanced dementia	97	38.1	75	37.1	135	38.0	103	40.6	3.6
Non-advanced dementia	n = 65		n = 61		n = 167		n = 110		2.7
Non-advanced dementia	65	38.4	59	38.3	163	39.5	104	42.2	2.7
Without dementia	n = 74		n = 82		n = 157		n = 137		4.2
Without dementia	74	41.2	78	39.3	152	39.8	133	42.2	4.2

All mean differences between groups post-intervention are cluster and baseline adjusted
Abbreviations: CAD-EOLD Comfort Assessment in Dying – End of Life in Dementia, QOD-LTC Quality of Dying in Long Term Care
^a Comfort in the last week of life was measured using CAD-EOLD scale (total scores range 14–42). Higher scores indicate better quality of dying
^b Quality of care and dying in the last month of life was measured using QOD-LTC scale (total scores range 11–55). Higher scores indicate better quality of end-of-life care
^c Total scores are averages per subscale multiplied by total number of items. Cases with missing data on more than 50% of items per subscale were excluded from the calculation of the total scale scores
^d Post intervention measurements collected for residents at T1 (=month 13) and T2 (=month 17)

ISSN: 1472-684X