Table 1 Multidimensional profile of compared groups. Differences are based on Mann–Whitney tests or variance analyses ‒ Scheffé test (metric variables) and chi-square test (categorical variables)
Whole sample (N = 485) | Young adults (1) (N = 152) | Middle-aged (2) (N = 150) | Elderly people (3) (N = 62) | Dying persons (4) (N = 121) | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | P / effect size | |
Socio-demographic variables | ||||||
1. Age | 49.8 (23.9) | 20.5 (2.4) R: 18‒25 | 48.7 (4.4) R: 40‒55 | 85 (7.1) R: 67‒97 | 70 (11.0) R: 40‒91 | |
2. Gender (% women) | 66% | 63% | 67% | 84% | 61% | 0.012 / 0.15 |
3. Education (% ≥ secondary) | 43% | 72% | 51% | 33% | 51% | < 0.001 / 0.50 |
4. Immigration background | 14% | 17% | 7% | 12% | 20% | 0.023 / 0.14 |
5. Parenthood | 57% | 1.3% | 91% | 66% | 83% | < 0.001 / 0.78 |
6. Currently living in couple | 56% | 41% | 91% | 21% | 49% | < 0.001 / 0.50 |
Medical history variables | ||||||
7. Psychiatric hospitalization (lifetime) | 7.4% | 8.5% | 5.4% | 6.5% | 8.9% | n.s |
8. Outpatient psych. treatment (lifetime) | 20% | 20% | 21% | 13% | 24% | n.s |
9. Current psychopharmaceuticals | 25% | 6% | 2% | 23% | 80% | < 0.001 / 0.76 |
Additional clinical variables | ||||||
10. Σ psychological stress (PO-Bado) | 4.36 (4.54) | 9.62 (7.41) | < 0.001 / 0.80 | |||
11. Σ physical stress (PO-Bado) | 3.74 (3.08) | 7.38 (4.06) | < 0.001 / 0.97 | |||
12. ECOG | 0.97 (0.90) | 3.13 (0.72) | < 0.001 / 2.75 | |||
Personality dimensions | ||||||
13. BFI ‒ Neuroticism | 2.86 (0.90) | 2.71 (0.68) | 3.02 (0.57) | 2.93 (1.07) | 2.82 (1.28) | 2 > 1 |
14. BFI ‒ Extraversion | 3.12 (0.93) | 3.14 (0.68) | 3.26 (0.77) | 3.00 (0.98) | 2.99 (1.27) | Ø |
15. BFI ‒ Openness | 3.28 (0.93) | 3.18 (0.75) | 3.14 (0.73) | 3.42 (0.96) | 3.52 (1.23) | 4 > 1, 2 |
16. BFI ‒ Agreeableness | 3.51 (0.79) | 3.40 (0.70) | 3.45 (0.64) | 3.42 (0.84) | 3.78 (0.96) | 4 > all |
17. BFI ‒ Conscientiousness | 3.38 (0.86) | 3.07 (0.68) | 3.06 (0.63) | 4.25 (0.83) | 3.72 (0.88) | 4 > 1, 2; 3 > 1, 2, 4 |