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Table 4 Description of the results of laboratory tests of older patients with cancer in palliative care

From: Effect of chocolate on older patients with cancer in palliative care: a randomised controlled study

VARIABLES

STUDY BASELINE

END OF STUDY

Mean ± standard deviation

Mean ± standard deviation

CG

IG1

IG2

CG

IG1

IG2

 

n = 15

n = 16

n = 15

n = 15

n = 15

n = 15

Hemoglobin (U/dL)

13.0 ± 1.3

12.7 ± 1.8

12.5 ± 2.1

13.0 ± 1.4*

12.3 ± 1.8

12.6 ± 1.5

White blood cells (×103/μL)

5.9 ± 2.0

7.3 ± 3.4

5.7 ± 1.8

6.0 ± 2.0

6.08 ± 2.0

7.0 ± 3.2

Lymphocytes (×103/μL)

1.5 ± 0.4

1.9 ± 0.6

1.8 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.5

1.68 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.5

Total proteins (U/dL)

6.8 ± 0.5

6.7 ± 0.7

6.9 ± 0.6

6.9 ± 0.4

6.69 ± 0.7

7.0 ± 0.7

Albumin (U/dL)

4.2 ± 0.3*

4.0 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.3

4.2 ± 0.2*

4.0 ± 0.3

4.2 ± 0.3

Vitamin (mg/dL)

0.3 ± 0.1**

0.2 ± 0.1

0.2 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1**

0.2 ± 0.1

0.2 ± 0.1

C-reactive protein (mU/dL)

0.4 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 4.0

1.8 ± 3.4

0.9 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 3.0

1.4 ± 3.2

8-OHdG (ng/mL)

4.6 ± 2.2 δ

4.9 ± 2.2 δ

4.4 ± 1.6 β

5.9 ± 2.6

6.0 ± 2.0

5.3 ± 1.4

MDA (μM)

10.9 ± 3.3

14.4 ± 10.2

15.6 ± 11.9 α

9.1 ± 2.6

11.3 ± 3.0

10.8 ± 4.8

GSH (μM)

9.8 ± 1.4

9.0 ± 1.8

10.0 ± 11.1 β α

10.3 ± 2.0

8.8 ± 1.5

10.7 ± 2.1

Interleukin 6 (pg/mL)

51.8 ± 38.6

136.6 ± 182.3

65.21 ± 132.49

87.2 ± 125.6

154.8 ± 208.4

38.7 ± 25.0

  1. CG control group, IG1 intervention group 1 (chocolate with 55% cocoa), IG2 intervention group 2 (white chocolate), 8-OGdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, MDA malondialdehyde, GSH reduced glutathione, μL microliter, U unit, dL deciliter, mU miliunit, mg miligram, μM micromol, pg picogram, mL milliliter
  2. * p = 0.03 vs. IG1; ** p < 0.01 vs. IG1 e IG2; δ p < 0.01 baseline vs. end; α p = 0.02 baseline vs. end; β p = 0.04 baseline vs. end; p = 0.02 vs. CG e < 0.01 vs. IG2