Table 1 Direct effects between the variables included in the GSEM

Meaning of life

−0.05 (− 0.09 to − 0.01)

0.02

− 0.08 (− 0.14 to − 0.02)

< 0.01

− 0.06 (− 0.41–0.30)

0.76

0.39 (0.12 to 0.66)

< 0.01

− 0.74 (− 1.05 to − 0.42)

< 0.01

Marital status With partner vs. without partner

− 0.54 (− 1.52 to − 0.43)

0.28

1.04 (− 0.70 to 2.78)

0.24

0.53 (− 7.62 to 8.68)

0.90

0.90 (− 5.69 to 7.48)

0.79

1.62 (− 7.05° 10.30)

0.71

−5.87 (− 12.09 to 0.34)

0.06

Income Up to 4 sm vs. Above 4 sm

1.50 (− 0.44 to 3.45)

0.13

0.00 (− 2.37 to 2.38)

0.99

2.25 (− 8.68 to 13.19)

0.69

− 3.61 (− 12.41 to 5.18)

0.42

5.46 (− 6.07 to 17.00)

0.35

−0.84 (− 9.45 to 7.77)

0.85

Religion Catholic vs. other

−0.58 (− 1.96 to 0.79)

0.41

− 1.12 (− 3.86 to 1.63)

0.43

11.03 (− 1.35 to 23.41)

0.08

− 10.05 (− 19.78 to − 0.32)

0.04

−16.14 (− 28.41 to − 3.87)

0.01

−2.66 (− 11.62 to 6.31)

0.56

Religion Evangelical vs. other

− 0.52 (− 2.07 to 1.04)

0.51

− 0.85 (− 3.69 to 1.99)

0.56

11.29 (− 2.77 to 25.36)

0.12

−11.91 (− 22.94 to − 0.89)

0.03

− 8.43 (− 22.85 to 5.98)

0.25

−0.12 (− 10.57 to 10.33)

0.98

Age range < 60 vs. >  60

1.36 (0.19 to 2.52)

0.02

0.11 (− 1.28 to 1.50)

0.87

4.52 (−1.83 to 10.87)

0.16

Treatment Yes vs. no

0.32 (−1.80 to 2.43)

0.77

5.26 (Not estimated)

0.96

6.80 (−9.20 to 22.79)

0.41

22.79 (10.99 to 34.58)

< 0.01

−7.51 (−18.45 to 3.43)

0.18

Gender M vs. F

0.29 (−0.74 to 1.32)

0.58

0.76 (−0.67 to 2.20)

0.3

5.26 (−3.23 to 13.74)

0.23

6.74 (0.07 to 13.41)

0.04

−9.03 (−17.57 to −0.48)

0.04

2.13 (−4.24 to 8.50)

0.51

Education up to 8 years vs. over 8 years

−3.73 (−10.24 to 2.78)

0.26

Global health status

−0.04 (− 0.07 to − 0.01)

< 0.01

0.03 (− 0.01 to 0.07)

0.14

Functional scales

0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.03)

0.93

− 0.10 (− 0.15 to − 0.02)

0.02

0.42 (0.13 to 0.71)

< 0.01

Symptoms scale

0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04)

0.48

−0.06 (− 0.11 to 0.00)

0.06

0.02 (− 0.26 to 0.29)

0.92

− 0.59 (− 0.77 to − 0.41)

< 0.01