Table 2 Characteristics of included studies (n = 50)*

Country

 United Kingdom (inc. Ireland, Scotland)

19

38

 Canada

12

24

 United States

6

12

 Australia

7

14

 Iran

6

12

 Norway

3

6

 Greece

3

6

 Cyprus

3

6

 Czech Republic

2

4

 Colombia

2

4

 Italy

2

4

 Hungary

2

4

 Israel

2

4

 Philippines

2

4

 Poland

2

4

 Spain

2

4

 Turkey

2

4

 New Zealand

2

4

Year

 2015

3

6

 2016

5

10

 2017

8

16

 2018

11

22

 2019

13

26

 2020

10

20

Design

 Qualitative

35

70

 Mixed

5

10

 Cross-sectional survey

5

10

 Randomized controlled trial (quantitative)

2

4

 2 group pre-post

2

4

 Delphi or Dillman Approach

1

2

Setting

 Education

2

4

 Outpatient

3

6

 Inpatient and outpatient

2

4

 Healthcare organization

1

2

 Hospital

7

14

 Acute care

1

2

 Mother and Baby Unit

1

2

 Medical-surgical

2

4

 Radiology

1

2

 Palliative Care, Hospice

7

14

 Long term care

1

2

 Critical care and palliative care

1

2

 Intensive care

2

4

 Rehabilitation Units

1

2

 Various (i.e. hospital, community, homecare / acute, home, hospice, residential / internal, surgical, emergency, burn, CCU and ICU / University & Hospital / ICU and pall care / Mental health & acute / primary care)

8

14

 Not specified

10

20

Sample

 Patients (exclusively)

12

24

 Healthcare providers (exclusively)

27

54

  Various

16

42.1

  Nurses

11

28.9

 Healthcare providers and Other (i.e. Physicians and/or Patients and/or Family Caregivers and/or students and/or residents and/or public members)

11

22