Table 3 Summary of studies that explored either perspectives of compassion or compassion interventions in healthcare

Conceptualizing

Temporal

Antecedents

Cultivating

Relational Factors

Clinical Communication

Educational

Practice Setting

 Saab et al. [69]

UK (Ireland)

Healthcare providers (n = 79)

(Various)

Quantitative survey design

Hospital - Nurse and midwifery unit

CI

X

 MacArthur et al. [70]

UK

Stakeholders: Charge nurses and nurse managers (n = 14);

Practitioners: Senior nurses within the LCC programme (n = 7);

Policy makers: Senior individuals in the NHS organization and higher education institution (n = 5)

(Various)

Qualitative

Beacon wards and developmental sites: acute care, longterm care, mental health, palliative care.

CI

X

 Smith et al. [71]

UK (Scotland)

Healthcare providers and managers (N = 132)

(Various)

Mixed methods

8 NHS Boards

CI

X

 Roze des Ordons et al. [72]

Canada

Healthcare providers (n = 5) (Various)

Qualitative

Critical and Palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Singh et al. [73]

Canada

Clinicians (n = 57) (Various)

Qualitative

Palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

 Valizadeh et al. [74]

Iran

Nurses (n = 15)

Qualitative

Hospital

P

X

X

 Ling et al. [75]

Australia

Healthcare providers (n = 75) (Various)

2 group pre-post

Epworth HealthCare organization

P

X

 Jones et al. [76]

Australia

Nurses (n = 171)

Qualitative

Intensive care

P

X

X

X

 Papadopoulos et al. [77]

Australia, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Isreal, Italy, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Turkey, UK, USA

Nurses (n = 1323)

Mixed – Survey design

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Murray et al. [78]

Australia

Nurses and midwives (n = 50) (Various)

Qualitative

8 healthcare facilities

P

X

X

 Brennan et al. [79]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 12) (Various)

Mixed

Outpatient daycentre services

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Sinclair et al. [45]

Canada

Healthcare providers (n = 57) (Various)

Qualitative

Hospital palliative care unit; hospital and rural palliative care consult service; hospice; outpatient oncology palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Zamanzadeh et al. [80]

Iran

Nurses (n = 16)

Qualitative

Hospital

P

X

X

 Bessen et al. [81]

USA

Healthcare Providers (n = 13) (Various)

Qualitative

Palliative care; Hematology/Oncology

P

X

X

X

X

 Papadopoulos et al. [82]

Australia, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Isreal, Italy, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Turkey, UK, USA

Nurses (n = 1323)

Cross-sectional survey (quantitative)

NR

P

X

X

 Roze des Ordons et al. [83]

Canada

Healthcare providers (n = 5) (Various)

Qualitative

ICU and Palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Tierney et al. [84]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 36) (Various)

Qualitative

Diabetes-specific NHS Trusts

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Ledoux et al. [85]

Canada

Nurses (n = 191)

Quantitative (Dillman Approach)

Hospital (Inpatient or Outpatient)

P

X

X

X

 Efstathiou et al. [86]

UK

Nurses (n = 12)

Qualitative

ICU

P

X

X

X

 Aagard et al. [87]

USA

Nurses (n = 50)

Qualitative Survey design

NR

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Henshall et al. [67]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 276) (Various)

Cross-sectional survey (Quantitative)

Mental health; Acute care

P

X

X

 Henshall et al. [68]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 276) (Various)

Cross-sectional survey (Quantitative)

Mental health; Acute care

P

X

 Papadopoulos et al. [88]

Greece and Cyprus

Nurses (n = 143)

Mixed – Survey design

NR

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Skorpen Tarberg et al. [89]

Norway

Nurses (n = 21)

Qualitative

Primary care and Nursing homes

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Burridge et al. [90]

Australia

Nurses (n = 20)

Qualitative

Rehabilitation Units (Spinal Injury and Brain Injury)

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Ferraz et al. [91]

Australia

Healthcare providers (n = 18) (Various)

Qualitative

Hospital and community based – pediatric and adult palliative care settings

P

X

X

X

X

 Christiansen et al. [92]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 155), Healthcare students (n = 197) (Various)

Qualitative

University-registered

P

X

X

X

 Reynolds et al. [93]

New Zealand

Healthcare providers (n = 108), medical students (n = 219) (Various)

Qualitative

Experimental lab conditions in the medical context

P

X

X

 Uygur et al. [94]

Canada

Family physicians (n = 16), residents (n = 6)

Qualitative

Inpatient and outpatient settings

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Kneafsey et al. [95]

UK

Social care staff and students, members of the public (n = 45)

Qualitative

Hospital; University

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Sims et al. [96]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 50), Patients (n = 34), Family carers (n = 28)

Qualitative

Acute care: orthopaedic, surgery, cardiology and respiratory medicine

P

X

X

X

 Gould et al. [97]

UK

Healthcare providers (n = 166), Patients (n = 273)

2 group pre-post (quantitative)

Medical and surgical

CI

X

 Taylor et al. [98]

UK

MRTs (n = 27) SMRTs (n = 24) PaCs (n = 16), Patients (n = 11), caregivers (n = 5)

Qualitative

3 NHS Trusts

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Tehranineshat et al. [99]

Iran

Nurses (n = 20), Patients (n = 8), Family caregivers (n = 6)

Qualitative

Internal, surgical, emergency, burn, CCU, and ICU

P

X

X

X

 Babaei et al. [100]

Iran

Nurses (n = 40), patients (n = 16), and family members (n = 8)

Qualitative

Medical-surgical

P

X

X

 Smith-Macdonald et al. [101]

Canada

Healthcare providers (n = 72), managers (n = 9), longterm care Residents (n = 20), family members (n = 16)

Qualitative

Longterm care

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Babaei et al. [102]

Iran

Nurses (n = 20), patents (n = 8), family members (n = 4)

Qualitative

Hospital: Adult general wards (6 internal and 4 surgery)

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Fernando et al. [103]

New Zealand

Advanced palliative care patients (n = 20)

Qualitative

Palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

 Tanco et al. [104]

USA

Cancer patients (n = 100)

Randomized Clinical Trial (quantitative)

Hospital outpatient clinic

P

X

 Tanco, et al. [105]

USA

Advanced cancer patients (n = 128)

Randomized Clinical Trial (quantitative)

Outpatient supportive cancer centre

P

X

 Straughair et al. [106]

UK

Patients with personal experience with nursing care (n = 11)

Qualitative

Hospital, community, homecare

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Sinclair et al. [50]

Canada

Adult cancer inpatients (n = 53)

Qualitative

Hospital palliative care unit and palliative care consult service

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Dalvandi et al. [107]

Iran

Patients (n = 300)

Cross-sectional survey (quantitative)

Hospital - Internal and surgical wards

P

X

X

X

X

 Wittkowski et al. [108]

UK

Patients (i.e. mothers admitted to the Mother and Baby Unit) (n = 17)

Mixed Methods

Mother and Baby Unit

P

X

X

X

 Sinclair et al. [6]

Canada

Adult cancer inpatients (n = 53)

Qualitative

Hospital - Palliative care unit and hospital palliative care consult service

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Menage et al. [109]

UK

Women patients who self-identified as recipients of compassionate midwifery care during their pregnancy (n = 17)

Qualitative

NHS Trusts

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Sinclair et al. [44]

Canada

Advanced cancer inpatients (n = 53)

Qualitative

Hospital – Palliative care

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Sinclair et al. [110]

Canada

Patients with life limiting illnesses (n = 20)

Qualitative

Acute care; Longterm care; Hospice; Home care

P

X

X

X

X

X

 Singh et al. [111]

Canada

Patients (n = 19)

Qualitative

Acute care

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Bleiker et al. [112]

UK

Patients (n = 34)

Medical imaging professional undergrad students (n = 6)

Qualitative

Radiology

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X