“I want to live, but …” the desire to live and its physical, psychological, spiritual, and social factors among advanced cancer patients: evidence from the APPROACH study in India

Table 1 Patient characteristics (N = 192)

Panel A: Participant Demographics
Characteristics		N (%)/ Mean (SD)
Gender, N (%)	Male	112 (58.33%)
Gender, N (%)	Female	80 (41.67%)
Age, Mean (SD)		51.56 (13.26)
Years of education, Mean (SD)		7.13 (6.32)
Marital Status, N (%)	Married	171 (89.06%)
	Separated	1 (0.52%)
	Widowed	14 (7.29%)
	Divorced	1 (0.52%)
	Never Married	4 (2.08%)
	Missing	1 (0.52%)
Religion, N (%)	Hindu	174 (90.63%)
	Muslim	13 (6.77%)
	Sikh	2 (1.04%)
	Jain	3 (1.56%)
Caste, N (%)	General caste	78 (40.63%)
	Scheduled Caste	18 (9.38%)
	Scheduled Tribe	16 (8.33%)
	Other Backward Class	64 (33.33%)
	Caste: don’t know	10 (5.21%)
	Caste: unknown	6 (3.13%)
Socio-Economic Status (SES), N (%)	Poor	44 (22.92%)
	lower middle	81 (42.19%)
	upper middle	59 (30.73%)
	Wealthy	7 (3.65%)
	SES: unknown	1 (0.52%)
Panel B: Participant QoL Scale Scores
Characteristics	N (%)/ Mean (SD)	[Min, Max]
Desire to Live (DTL) = 1, N (%)	165 (85.94%)	[0, 1]
BPI- pain severity, Mean (SD)	3.44 (2.26)	[0, 8.25]
Psychological distress, Mean (SD)
HADS-total	18.70 (7.95)	[0, 38]
HADS-anxiety	8.56 (4.27)	[0, 21]
HADS-depression	10.14 (4.24)	[0, 20]
Presence of Self-blame, N (%)
Behavioural Self-Blame (BSB) = 1	72 (37.50%)	[0, 1]
Characterological Self-Blame (CSB) = 1	109 (56.77%)	[0, 1]
Spiritual well-being, Mean (SD)
FACIT-Sp: Total	24.38 (9.14)	[5, 32]
FACIT-Sp: meaning	16.17 (6.05)	[3, 33]
FACIT-Sp: faith	8.22 (4.57)	[0, 16]
Social/Family support (FACT-SWB), Mean (SD)	14.80 (6.15)	[1, 28]
Stigma, Mean (SD)	9.03 (3.55)	[6, 26]
Awareness of late-stage cancer diagnosis = 1, N (%)	45 (23.44%)	[0, 1]

The column titled ‘N (%)/ Mean (SD)’ reports either 1) the number of people that fall in the corresponding category in column ‘Characteristics’ along with their percentage in the sample if the notation ‘N (%)’ is used next to a category or, 2) the mean and standard deviation of the data if the notation ‘Mean (SD)’ is used. (Variable) = 1 notation indicates a binary variable which has a value of 1 when a patient falls in the corresponding category, and a value of 0 otherwise. The following abbreviations are used in the table: i) QoL- Quality of Life ii) DTL- Desire to live iii) SES- Socio-economic status iv) BPI- Brief Pain Inventory v) HADS- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale vi) BSB- Behavioural Self-Blame vii) CSB- Characterological Self-Blame viii) FACIT-Sp-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being Scale ix) FACT-SWB: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General questionnaire to assess social/family well-being

ISSN: 1472-684X