Table 2 Barriers scoring differences according to the report on formal training regarding communication with patients and families about goals of care (N = 66)

A) Barriers to Discuss ACP and goals of care

 Barriers Related to the Patient/Family

  Patient does not have an advance directive

6 [5; 6.5]

6 [6; 7]

0.014*

B) Barriers to Discontinuation of Cancer Therapies

 External barriers

  Lack of decision aids for discontinuing cancer-directed therapy

5 [3; 6]

6 [5; 6]

0.045*

  Lack of guidelines for discontinuing cancer-directed therapy

4 [2; 6]

6 [5; 6]

 < 0.001*

C) Timing of Palliative Care Referral

 Lack of access to palliative care services within the hospital

5 [3.5; 7]

6.5 [5; 7]

0.024*

D) Willingness to Participate in Communication and Decision-Making About Goals of Care

 Rate your willingness to initiate the discussion (bring up the subject) about goals of care with patients such as these and their families

6 [6; 7]

7 [6; 7]

0.006*

 Rate your willingness to lead the discussion with patients such as these and their families. This includes exchanging information (disclosing diagnosis, prognosis, and eliciting values) and being a decision coach (clarifying values, assisting with weighing options for care, etc.)

6 [6; 7]

7 [6; 7]

0.013*