Table 4 Tools used in the assessment of PIF

‐ Guided feedback [101, 122]

‐ Questionnaires [116]

‐ Structured activity - “A Learning Experience” [116]

‐ Brown’s Guide/ BEGAN tool (the Brown Educational Guide to the Analysis of Narrative) [101]

‐ Reflection Evaluation for Enhanced Competences Tool Rubric (REFLECT) [86, 92, 95, 123]

‐ Thematic scoring (“to map and grade the reflection themes”) [95]

‐ Self-reflection and insight scale (SIRS) [115]

‐ Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) [115, 124]

‐ Reflective ability rubric [112]

‐ Reflection-in-Learning Scale [116]

‐ Self-assessment [87]

‐ Professional self-identity questionnaire (PSIQ) [105]

‐ Moral reasoning assessment [87]

‐ Observations during clinical assessments [110]

‐ assessment of learning environments [110]

‐ Mentor facilitated conversations [110]

‐ Professional identity essay [81, 119, 120]

‐ Stage-specific attribute scales (SASs) [91]

‐ Physician professional identity survey [97]

‐ Identity integration (IdIn) survey [97]

‐ Developing Scale [84, 91]

‐ Professional identity questionnaire (PIQ) [125]