Table 4 Hospice and palliative care evaluation (HOPE) based on time of referral according to Wadhwa, D et al.^a [21]

Pain

n = 30

n = 79

n = 104

6.187

 < 0.05

 Mean ± SD

1.37 ± 1.066

1.22 ± 0.929

1.59 ± 1.03

Nausea

n = 29

n = 80

n = 106

0.756

0.685

 Mean ± SD

0.69 ± 0.806

0.65 ± 0.781

0.78 ± 0.894

Vomiting

n = 29

n = 79

n = 104

1.760

0.415

 Mean ± SD

0.34 ± 0.553

0.35 ± 0.680

0.51 ± 0.812

Dyspnoea

n = 29

n = 78

n = 106

5.410

0.067

 Mean ± SD

1.0 ± 0.964

0.86 ± 0.817

1.16 ± 0.906

Constipation

n = 28

n = 78

n = 102

0.879

0.644

 Mean ± SD

0.75 ± 0.844

0.72 ± 0.82

0.63 ± 0.783

Weakness

n = 28

n = 78

n = 105

19.082

 < 0.001

 Mean ± SD

1.39 ± 0.786

1.64 ± 0.821

2.05 ± 0.825

Loss of appetite

n = 29

n = 81

n = 105

19.705

 < 0.001

 Mean ± SD

0.76 ± 0.786

0.9 ± 0.903

1.50 ± 1.084

Tiredness

n = 26

n = 80

n = 105

17.662

 < 0.001

 Mean ± SD

1.35 ± 0.689

1.39 ± 0.803

1.87 ± 0.889

Depression

n = 29

n = 79

n = 98

1.172

0.557

 Mean ± SD

1.03 ± 0.865

0.87 ± 0.939

0.96 ± 0.919

Anxiety

n = 28

n = 81

n = 101

0.328

0.849

 Mean ± SD

1.07 ± 0.858

0.99 ± 0.942

1.01 ± 0.933

Tension

n = 29

n = 78

n = 98

0.854

0.652

 Mean ± SD

0.93 ± 0.842

0.9 ± 0.934

0.8 ± 0.849

Wound care

n = 29

n = 79

n = 99

2.575

0.276

 Mean ± SD

0.31 ± 0.660

0.42 ± 0.778

0.24 ± 0.591

ADLs^d

n = 29

n = 81

n = 101

17.791

 < 0.001

 Mean ± SD

0.79 ± 0.675

0.93 ± 0.863

1.44 ± 0.984

Confusion

n = 28

n = 77

n = 97

1.738

0.419

 Mean ± SD

0.11 ± 0.315

0.08 ± 0.315

0.16 ± 0.472

Organisation of care

n = 29

n = 75

n = 95

9.691

 < 0.01

 Mean ± SD

0.45 ± 0.572

0.56 ± 0.663

0.89 ± 0.856

Overburdening of family

n = 29

n = 76

n = 90

7.575

0.023

 Mean ± SD

1.34 ± 0.857

1.03 ± 0.748

1.33 ± 0.793

Global sum score

n = 30

n = 81

n = 107

12.669

 < 0.01

 Mean ± SD

13.03 ± 5.404

13.14 ± 5.616

16.08 ± 6.433

 Median (IQR)

11.0 (17.25–9.0)

12.0 (17.0–9.0)

16.0 (20.0–12.0)