Table 2 Description of intervention elements
From: Pain Interventions for people with dementia: a quasi-experimental study
Action | Actor | Context | Target | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Training workshop | ||||
Training in systematic and structured pain assessment, communication and management with BESD, SOAPIER and ISBAR | Clinical nurse specialists trained in geriatric and palliative care | Nursing home meeting rooms. | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | Before baseline and at the beginning of each intervention cycle |
Pain assessment | ||||
Identification and assessment of pain using BESD. | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | When pain is suspected during care interactions | People with dementia living in respective nursing homes | While caring for people with dementia |
Documentation of BESD observation using SOAPIER | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | Nursing home staff office, during write-up | Registered nurses, intervention nurse | After BESD observation, or at least once daily. |
Communication of BESD observation using ISBAR | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | When pain is likely. | Registered nurses, intervention nurse, physicians | After observing BESD total score above cut-of or person with dementia self-reports pain. |
Individual coaching on BESD, SOAPIER and ISBAR use. | Clinical nurse specialists trained in geriatric and palliative care | Nursing home units | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | Bi-weekly during both intervention cycles |
Pain management | ||||
Individual support and advice to develop a pain action plan. | Clinical nurse specialists trained in geriatric and palliative care | Nursing home units | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | Bi-weekly during both intervention cycles |
Case studies on pain action plan implementation issues and strategies | Clinical nurse specialists trained in geriatric and palliative care | Nursing home units | Frontline staff (nursing associates, registered nurses) | Bi-weekly during both intervention cycles |